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  1. Speech planning interferes with language comprehension: Evidence from semantic illusions in question-response sequences
    Autor*in: Barthel, Mathias
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Potsdam : SemDial ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    In conversation, speakers need to plan and comprehend language in parallel in order to meet the tight timing constraints of turn taking. Given that language comprehension and speech production planning both require cognitive resources and engage... mehr

     

    In conversation, speakers need to plan and comprehend language in parallel in order to meet the tight timing constraints of turn taking. Given that language comprehension and speech production planning both require cognitive resources and engage overlapping neural circuits, these two tasks may interfere with one another in dialogue situations. Interference effects have been reported on a number of linguistic processing levels, including lexicosemantics. This paper reports a study on semantic processing efficiency during language comprehension in overlap with speech planning, where participants responded verbally to questions containing semantic illusions. Participants rejected a smaller proportion of the illusions when planning their response in overlap with the illusory word than when planning their response after the end of the question. The obtained results indicate that speech planning interferes with language comprehension in dialogue situations, leading to reduced semantic processing of the incoming turn. Potential explanatory processing accounts are discussed.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Sprachverstehen; Semantik; Frage; Antwort; Konversation; Sprachproduktion; Dialog
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  2. Next speakers plan word forms in overlap with the incoming turn: evidence from gaze-contingent switch task performance
    Autor*in: Barthel, Mathias ; Levinson, Stephen C.
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  London : Routledge ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    To ensure short gaps between turns in conversation, next speakers regularly start planning their utterance in overlap with the incoming turn. Three experiments investigate which stages of utterance planning are executed in overlap. E1 establishes... mehr

     

    To ensure short gaps between turns in conversation, next speakers regularly start planning their utterance in overlap with the incoming turn. Three experiments investigate which stages of utterance planning are executed in overlap. E1 establishes effects of associative and phonological relatedness of pictures and words in a switch-task from picture naming to lexical decision. E2 focuses on effects of phonological relatedness and investigates potential shifts in the time-course of production planning during background speech. E3 required participants to verbally answer questions as a base task. In critical trials, however, participants switched to visual lexical decision just after they began planning their answer. The task-switch was time-locked to participants' gaze for response planning. Results show that word form encoding is done as early as possible and not postponed until the end of the incoming turn. Hence, planning a response during the incoming turn is executed at least until word form activation.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Sprecherwechsel; Konversationsanalyse; Blick; Gespräch; Phonologie; Kognitive Linguistik
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. Speech planning at turn transitions in dialog is associated with increased processing load
    Autor*in: Barthel, Mathias ; Sauppe, Sebastian
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Hoboken : Wiley ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    Speech planning is a sophisticated process. In dialog, it regularly starts in overlap with an incoming turn by a conversation partner. We show that planning spoken responses in overlap with incoming turns is associated with higher processing load... mehr

     

    Speech planning is a sophisticated process. In dialog, it regularly starts in overlap with an incoming turn by a conversation partner. We show that planning spoken responses in overlap with incoming turns is associated with higher processing load than planning in silence. In a dialogic experiment, participants took turns with a confederate describing lists of objects. The confederate’s utterances (to which participants responded) were pre-recorded and varied in whether they ended in a verb or an object noun and whether this ending was predictable or not. We found that response planning in overlap with sentence-final verbs evokes larger task-evoked pupillary responses, while end predictability had no effect. This finding indicates that planning in overlap leads to higher processing load for next speakers in dialog and that next speakers do not proactively modulate the time course of their response planning based on their predictions of turn endings. The turn-taking system exerts pressure on the language processing system by pushing speakers to plan in overlap despite the ensuing increase in processing load.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Sprecherwechsel; Konversationsanalyse; Gespräch; Dialog; Sprachverarbeitung; Vorhersagbarkeit; Kognitive Linguistik
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Next speakers plan their turn early and speak after turn-final “go-signals”
    Autor*in: Barthel, Mathias ; Meyer, Antje S. ; Levinson, Stephen C.
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A. ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    In conversation, turn-taking is usually fluid, with next speakers taking their turn right after the end of the previous turn. Most, but not all, previous studies show that next speakers start to plan their turn early, if possible already during the... mehr

     

    In conversation, turn-taking is usually fluid, with next speakers taking their turn right after the end of the previous turn. Most, but not all, previous studies show that next speakers start to plan their turn early, if possible already during the incoming turn. The present study makes use of the list-completion paradigm (Barthel et al., 2016), analyzing speech onset latencies and eye-movements of participants in a task-oriented dialogue with a confederate. The measures are used to disentangle the contributions to the timing of turn-taking of early planning of content on the one hand and initiation of articulation as a reaction to the upcoming turn-end on the other hand. Participants named objects visible on their computer screen in response to utterances that did, or did not, contain lexical and prosodic cues to the end of the incoming turn. In the presence of an early lexical cue, participants showed earlier gaze shifts toward the target objects and responded faster than in its absence, whereas the presence of a late intonational cue only led to faster response times and did not affect the timing of participants' eye movements. The results show that with a combination of eye-movement and turn-transition time measures it is possible to tease apart the effects of early planning and response initiation on turn timing. They are consistent with models of turn-taking that assume that next speakers (a) start planning their response as soon as the incoming turn's message can be understood and (b) monitor the incoming turn for cues to turn-completion so as to initiate their response when turn-transition becomes relevant.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Sprecherwechsel; Konversationsanalyse; Gespräch; Planung; Augenbewegung; Dialog; Reaktionszeit; Intonation; Kognitive Linguistik
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  5. The timing of utterance planning in task-oriented dialogue: evidence from a novel list-completion paradigm
    Autor*in: Barthel, Mathias ; Sauppe, Sebastian ; Levinson, Stephen C. ; Meyer, Antje S.
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A. ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    In conversation, interlocutors rarely leave long gaps between turns, suggesting that next speakers begin to plan their turns while listening to the previous speaker. The present experiment used analyses of speech onset latencies and eye-movements in... mehr

     

    In conversation, interlocutors rarely leave long gaps between turns, suggesting that next speakers begin to plan their turns while listening to the previous speaker. The present experiment used analyses of speech onset latencies and eye-movements in a task-oriented dialogue paradigm to investigate when speakers start planning their responses. German speakers heard a confederate describe sets of objects in utterances that either ended in a noun [e.g., Ich habe eine Tür und ein Fahrrad (“I have a door and a bicycle”)] or a verb form [e.g., Ich habe eine Tür und ein Fahrrad besorgt (“I have gotten a door and a bicycle”)], while the presence or absence of the final verb either was or was not predictable from the preceding sentence structure. In response, participants had to name any unnamed objects they could see in their own displays with utterances such as Ich habe ein Ei (“I have an egg”). The results show that speakers begin to plan their turns as soon as sufficient information is available to do so, irrespective of further incoming words.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Planung; Dialog; Konversationsanalyse; Sprecherwechsel; Gespräch; Augenbewegung; Deutsch; Syntax; Vorhersagbarkeit; Kognitive Linguistik
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  6. Speech planning in dialogue: Psycholinguistic studies of the timing of turn taking
    Autor*in: Barthel, Mathias
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Nijmegen : Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    When humans have a conversation with one-another, they generally take turns speaking one after the other without overlapping each others talk or leaving silence between turns for long stretches of time. Previous research has shown that conversation... mehr

     

    When humans have a conversation with one-another, they generally take turns speaking one after the other without overlapping each others talk or leaving silence between turns for long stretches of time. Previous research has shown that conversation is a structured practice following rules that help interlocutors to manage the flow of conversation interactively. While at the beginning of a conversation it remains open who will speak when about what and for how long, interlocutors regulate the flow of conversation as it unfolds. One basic set of rules that interlocutors operate with governs the allocation of speaking turns, with the central rule stating that whoever starts speaking first at a point in time when speaker change becomes relevant has the rights and obligations to produce the next turn. The organization of turn allocation, therefore, is one reason for conversational turn taking to be so remarkably fast, with the beginnings of turns most often being quite accurately aligned with the ends of the previous turns. Observations of this outstanding speed of turn taking gave rise to a number of questions concerning language processing in conversational situations. The studies presented in this thesis investigate some of these questions from the perspective of the current listener preparing to be the next speaker who will respond to the current turn. The study presented in Chapter 2 investigates when next speakers begin to plan their own turn with respect to two points in time, (i) the moment when the incoming turn’s message becomes clear enough to make response planning possible and (ii) the moment when the incoming turn terminates. Results of previous studies were inconclusive about the timing of language planning in conversation, with evidence in favour of both late and early response planning. Furthermore, previous studies presented both evidence as well as counter evidence indicating that response planning depends or does not depend on an accurate prediction of the timing of the incoming turn’s end. The ...

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Dialog; Sprecherwechsel; Konversationsanalyse; Gespräch; Psycholinguistik; Planung; Augenbewegung; Kognitive Linguistik; Intonation; Kognitiver Prozess
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess