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  1. Die Herausbildung neuer Routinen der Personenreferenz am Beispiel der deutschen Weihnachts- und Neujahrsansprachen
    Autor*in: Müller-Spitzer, Carolin ; Ochs, Samira ; Rüdiger, Jan Oliver ; Wolfer, Sascha
    Erschienen: 2025
    Verlag:  Hamburg : Buske ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) [Zweitveröffentlichung]

    The Christmas and New Year addresses of the Federal Presidents and Federal Chancellors have been an annually recurring political text formal since 1949. This makes it wellsuited for shortterm diachronic corpus analyses. In our contribution, we focus... mehr

     

    The Christmas and New Year addresses of the Federal Presidents and Federal Chancellors have been an annually recurring political text formal since 1949. This makes it wellsuited for shortterm diachronic corpus analyses. In our contribution, we focus on the use of personal nouns with a special emphasis on gender-inclusive language. Using manual annotations, we show that 11 % of all tokens in the speeches refer to persons, not including proper names. Pronouns make up 69 % of person references, personal nouns 31 %. In the case ofpersonal nouns, we see that gender-neutral nouns or neutralisations predominate (58 %), followed by masculine generics (20 %). An important research question for this article is whether the use of gender-inclusive variants in language has increased over time. We can seefrom the data that this is the case: the use of masculine generics has been declining since 1995,while pair forms have been increasing from the beginning. This is especially true for explicit pair forms like Mitbürgerinnen und Mitbürger ('fellow citizens'). Gender-inclusive language has therefore long been a part of the addresses, especially in the form of neutralisations and pair forms.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Rede; Annotation; Geschlechterforschung; Geschlechterstereotyp; Korpus; Sprachwandel
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  2. Das Queere Korpus (QK): Vorstellung einer neuen Korpusressource und Beispielanalysen am Thema „Ehe für Alle“
    Autor*in: Rüdiger, Jan Oliver ; Ochs, Samira
    Erschienen: 2025
    Verlag:  Hamburg : Buske ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    The consideration of group-internal linguistic perspectives is an essential aspect of the Linguistics of Diversity and Inclusion. In the field of queer linguistics, this has so far mostly been done at the micro level, for example in the context of... mehr

     

    The consideration of group-internal linguistic perspectives is an essential aspect of the Linguistics of Diversity and Inclusion. In the field of queer linguistics, this has so far mostly been done at the micro level, for example in the context of so-called small stories and other qualitative approaches, or smaller peer group corpora. Research on external perspectives is more common, e.g. on discourses in mainstream media or in political discussions about (a part of) the queer community. In German-speaking contexts, linguistic research on queer topics in general is still in its early stages, and corpus-based approaches to researching internal perspectives in particular are still rare. In our article, we present a new corpus resource that enables comprehensive corpusbased research on queer topics in German: the Queere Korpus (QK). The corpus is designed to comprise a balanced amount of various text types from three different German-speaking countries: Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. So far, it contains 55,916,108 tokens distributed across a total of 28 gay, lesbian, queer and non-binary/trans* sources. We included online magazines, websites and blogs, and (digitized) print magazines. In our paper, we describe the corpus compilation and structure in detail and outline possible research questions and goals, exemplified by an analysis of the corpus stratification regarding the topic “Ehe für Alle” (same-sex marriage). While the corpus is not yet publicly available, we provide an extensive dataset of frequency lists, co-occurrences and N-grams together with this article.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Deutsch; LGBT; Gleichgeschlechtliche Ehe
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. Of stars and colons: A corpus-based analysis of gender-inclusive orthographies in German press texts
    Autor*in: Ochs, Samira ; Rüdiger, Jan Oliver
    Erschienen: 2025
    Verlag:  Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    New gender-inclusive orthographies such as the asterisk or the colon arewidely debated in various German public spheres, including areas of academia. However, little is known about the frequency and distribution of these neographies. This study... mehr

     

    New gender-inclusive orthographies such as the asterisk or the colon arewidely debated in various German public spheres, including areas of academia. However, little is known about the frequency and distribution of these neographies. This study presents a microdiachronic analysis of binary (i.e., including onlymen and women) and non-binary (i.e., inclusive of all genders) variants of gender-inclusive orthographies from 2015 to 2023. Using the German Reference Corpus(DeReKo), we assembled a subcorpus of press texts from 15 sources, comprisingapproximately 1.2 billion tokens. Our corpus-driven approach reveals that the nonbinary variants asterisk (Schüler*innen‘pupils’) and colon (Schüler:innen) havebecomedominant after the 2019 change of the German civil status law to encompass a third positive gender option, divers. Binary forms, especially the capitalI(as inSchülerInnen), have been in decline since. The non-binary forms are un-evenly distributed across sources and lexemes, a pattern further explored througha lexicon-based search. We examined 131 pre-selected personal nouns with systematic gender differentiation to compare binary and non-binary variants to regularmasculine and feminine forms. The results show that masculine forms remaindominant, followed by feminine forms, with both maintaining stable frequenciesover time. In contrast, binary and non-binary forms remain marginal. These quantitative baselines enhance the linguistic understanding of how sources, lexemes, and extralinguistic events shape the use of gender-inclusive language. Our studythus offers a foundation for more objective discussions on the subject.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Geschlechtergerechte Sprache; Nichtbinäre Geschlechtsidentität; Korpus; Rechtschreibung; Sprachwandel
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Gender-Inclusive Language in the Corporate Communication of German Companies: Authentic Corporate Activism or Pinkwashing?
    Autor*in: Müller-Spitzer, Carolin ; Ochs, Samira ; Sondergeld, Virginia ; Wrohlich, Katharina
    Erschienen: 2025
    Verlag:  Berlin : DIW Berlin ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    Commitment to gender equality and diversity has long been a stated priority for large companies, and one visible way to signal this commitment is through gender-inclusive language. Public debates around such language use increasingly surface... mehr

     

    Commitment to gender equality and diversity has long been a stated priority for large companies, and one visible way to signal this commitment is through gender-inclusive language. Public debates around such language use increasingly surface regarding companies’ communication with stakeholders, including employees, customers, and shareholders. In particular, the adoption of newer forms of gender-inclusive language that move beyond the traditional binary framework is often interpreted as a form of political positioning. Critics contend that these practices are unnecessary or serve merely to polish a company’s image, lacking genuine engagement with gender equality. If accurate, this critique implies that the practice reflects not authentic corporate activism but rather a form of CSR-washing – specifically, pinkwashing. We examine whether major publicly listed German DAX companies engage in pinkwashing by employing explicit gender-inclusive markers (e.g., the asterisk in Kund*innen ‘customers’) in their corporate communication without accompanying commitment to other gender-equality measures. To address this question, we employ a mixed-method approach that combines manual linguistic annotations of personal nouns with quantifiable economic data on the representation of women on executive and supervisory boards. Our findings show that companies that perform poorly on increasing women’s representation on their executive and supervisory boards do not use gender symbols on their company websites in 2023. Furthermore, they do not introduce gender symbols in their annual shareholder letters from 2015 to 2022 before achieving improvements in women’s representation on their executive boards. These results suggest that German companies do not use gender-inclusive language as a form of pinkwashing, but rather as a symbolic complement to broader gender-equality initiatives. Whether such patterns will persist amid growing political resistance to DEI efforts, particularly in international contexts, remains to be seen.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Gleichberechtigung; Geschlechtsunterschied; Corporate Social Responsibility
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  5. Ärztinnen und Pfleger, Biologen oder Chemikerinnen: Alternierende Doppelformen als Mittel genderinklusiver Sprache in Die Zeit
    Autor*in: Ochs, Samira
    Erschienen: 2025
    Verlag:  Berlin : Erich Schmidt ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    Dieser Beitrag untersucht alternierende Doppelformen wie Ärztinnen und Pfleger, die sich im Deutschen als Strategie genderinklusiver Sprache herausgebildet haben. Die Konstituenten solcher Doppelformen zeichnen sich durch unterschiedliche... mehr

     

    Dieser Beitrag untersucht alternierende Doppelformen wie Ärztinnen und Pfleger, die sich im Deutschen als Strategie genderinklusiver Sprache herausgebildet haben. Die Konstituenten solcher Doppelformen zeichnen sich durch unterschiedliche lexikalische Basen aus und sind geschlechtsübergreifend intendiert. Dadurch ermöglicht die Analyse zugleich einen empirischen Einblick in die im Deutschen bislang kaum untersuchten geschlechtsübergreifenden Feminina. Als Korpusgrundlage dienen Ausgaben der Wochenzeitung Die Zeit aus den Jahren 2000 bis 2023, verfügbar im Deutschen Referenzkorpus (DeReKo). Seit 2018 setzt Die Zeit gezielt alternierende Doppelformen als Teil ihrer genderinklusiven Sprachstrategie ein. Mittels regulärer Ausdrücke und manueller Bereinigungen wurden 975 alternierende Doppelformen extrahiert. Ab 2018 nimmt ihre Verwendung signifikant zu – allerdings bleibt ihre Häufigkeit deutlich hinter der von regulären Doppelformen wie Leserinnen und Leser (11.249 Tokens) zurück, die über beide Zeiträume hinweg signifikant häufiger verwendet werden. Durch ihre Flexibilität tragen alternierende Formen jedoch wesentlich zur Versprachlichung vielfältiger sozialer Gruppen bei und erzeugen mit einer Typen-Token-Ratio von 0,89 eine hohe lexikalische Vielfalt im Korpus. Zusätzlich zeigen manuelle Annotationen, dass geschlechtsübergreifende Feminina in Texten mit alternierenden Doppelformen leicht identifizierbar sind, was sie für eine systematische Analyse zugänglich macht. Eine kontextgeleitete Auswertung im Rahmen der Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA) verdeutlicht, dass alternierende Doppelformen soziale Kategorien mitkonstituieren und somit der sprachlichen Konstruktion gesellschaftlicher Diversität dienen. ; This article examines alternating pair forms such as Ärztinnen und Pfleger (‘doctors [f.] and nurses [m.]’), which have emerged as a gender-inclusive language strategy in German. These pair forms are characterized by their use of different lexical bases and are intended to be gender-inclusive. This ...

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Zeitungssprache; Korpus; Wortschatz; Geschlechtergerechte Sprache
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  6. Defining gender linguistics: A statement from the editorial team
    Autor*in: Schmitz, Dominic ; Ochs, Samira ; Rosar, Anne ; Roxas, Jeff ; Siegenthaler, Aline ; Stein, Simon David ; Völkening, Lena ; Schneider, Viktoria
    Erschienen: 2025
    Verlag:  Köln : Diversität in der Linguistik e.V. ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    This editorial statement outlines the mission and scope of Gender Linguistics, a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the study of language and gender. Building on insights from recent conferences and publications, the editorial team... mehr

     

    This editorial statement outlines the mission and scope of Gender Linguistics, a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the study of language and gender. Building on insights from recent conferences and publications, the editorial team defines gender linguistics as a broad and integrative field encompassing grammatical, lexical, phonological, discourse-analytic, psycholinguistic, computational, and cross-linguistic perspectives, among others. The statement positions the journal as a platform for theoretically informed and empirically grounded research that connects diverse linguistic traditions, fosters exchange across subfields, and contributes to the further establishment of gender-linguistic research within the wider discipline. Rather than offering a fixed definition, it invites continued dialogue about the scope and future directions of gender linguistics.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Geschlechterforschung; Sprache; Linguistik
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess