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  1. EFP1 is an ER stress-induced glycoprotein which interacts with the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4
    Autor*in: Appel, Sarah ; Vetterkind, Susanne ; Koplin, Ansgar ; Maertens, Barbara ; Boosen, Meike ; Preuss, Ute
    Erschienen: 08.05.2009

    We have isolated the rat ortholog of EFP1 (EF-hand binding protein 1) as a novel interaction partner of the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 (prostate apoptosis response-4). Rat EFP1 contains two thioredoxin domains, the COOH-terminal one harboring a CGFC... mehr

     

    We have isolated the rat ortholog of EFP1 (EF-hand binding protein 1) as a novel interaction partner of the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 (prostate apoptosis response-4). Rat EFP1 contains two thioredoxin domains, the COOH-terminal one harboring a CGFC motif, and has a similar protein domain structure as members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. In REF52.2 and CHO cells, EFP1 colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker PDI. Furthermore, EFP1 possesses catalytic activity as demonstrated by an insulin disulfide reduction assay. Western blot analysis revealed two EFP1 protein bands of approximately 136 and 155 kDa, representing different glycosylation states of the protein. Complex formation between EFP1 and Par-4 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation, dot blot overlay and pull-down experiments. In CHO cells, coexpression of EFP1 and Par-4 resulted in enhanced Par-4-mediated apoptosis, which required the catalytic activity of EFP1. Interestingly, EFP1 was specifically upregulated in NIH3T3 cells after induction of ER stress by thapsigargin, tunicamycin, and brefeldin A, but not by agents that induce oxidative stress or ER-independent apoptosis. Furthermore, we could show that the induction of apoptosis by Ca2+ stress-inducing agents was significantly decreased after siRNA oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of Par-4. Our data suggest that EFP1 might represent a cell-protective enzyme that could play an important role in the decision between survival and initiation of Par-4-mediated apoptosis.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Medizin und Gesundheit (610)
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  2. The figure of Melusine in Fontane’s texts : images, digressions, and lacunae
    Autor*in: Menke, Bettine
    Erschienen: 31.03.2009

    The Melusines that appear in Fontane’s texts [...] must be read as part of history of citations and refigurations, a history that then revives and flourishes in diluted form around the turn of the century with the trivial myth of the femme fatale.... mehr

     

    The Melusines that appear in Fontane’s texts [...] must be read as part of history of citations and refigurations, a history that then revives and flourishes in diluted form around the turn of the century with the trivial myth of the femme fatale. The new context for Fontane’s Melusine is the social construction of the feminine in the context of the conflict over the equality and/or the difference of the sexes, and the currency of certain clichéd versions of this construction. [...] In this essay, I will examine the function that the Melusine figure — as the recasting and rewriting of a myth — assumes in realist texts and, specifically, in the texts of Fontane.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur (830)
    Schlagworte: Fontane, Theodor
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  3. Syntactic annotation of non-canonical linguistic structures
    Autor*in: Hirschmann, Hagen ; Doolittle, Seanna ; Lüdeling, Anke
    Erschienen: 27.10.2009

    This paper deals with the syntactic annotation of corpora that contain both ‘canonical’ and ‘non-canonical’ sentences. mehr

     

    This paper deals with the syntactic annotation of corpora that contain both ‘canonical’ and ‘non-canonical’ sentences.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Korpus <Linguistik>
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  4. What's hard? : Quantitative evidence for difficult constructions in German learner data
    Autor*in: Zeldes, Amir ; Lüdeling, Anke ; Hirschmann, Hagen
    Erschienen: 27.10.2009

    Our study is concerned with the identification of ‘difficult’ structure s in the acquisition of a foreign language, which will shed light on theoretical considerations of L2 processing. We argue that – compared to simple vocabulary items or abstract... mehr

     

    Our study is concerned with the identification of ‘difficult’ structure s in the acquisition of a foreign language, which will shed light on theoretical considerations of L2 processing. We argue that – compared to simple vocabulary items or abstract syntactic patterns – structures that contain lexical material as well as categorial variables are especially difficult to acquire. The difficulty level for particular patterns is shown to depend on surface invariability but not on the syntactic categories within which target patterns are embedded. As an example we study the distribution of certain structures which are underused by L2 German learners.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Fremdsprachenunterricht
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  5. Analyzing the thematic openings of linguistic journal articles : developing a methodology and examining a corpus compiled from the "Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur"
    Autor*in: Szurawitzki, Michael
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    In this paper, a methodology for the analysis of the structure of the thematic openings of academic journal articles is developed. The methodology is derived from Hyland (2000) and Fredrickson/Swales (1994). After sketching the methodology, it is... mehr

     

    In this paper, a methodology for the analysis of the structure of the thematic openings of academic journal articles is developed. The methodology is derived from Hyland (2000) and Fredrickson/Swales (1994). After sketching the methodology, it is used to examine a corpus of 14 articles selected from the periodical Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur. The conclusion discusses perspective for further studies in this thematic field. En el presente artículo se esboza un procedimiento metodológico que permite un análisis estructural del acercamiento temático a los artículos de lingüística en revistas científicas. La metodología aquí desarrollada se basa en los modelos propuestos por Hyland (2000) y Fredrickson / Swales (1994). Tras desarrrollar el propio modelo, éste se comprueba a través de un corpus de catorce artículos. Los artículos están recogidos en las Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur. En las concluisos se presentan las perspectivas para futuras investigaciones en el marco de este campo temático. Palabras clave: introducciones temáticas, discurso científico, artículos de lingüística en revistas científicas, metodología, análisis de corpus textual.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur (830)
    Schlagworte: Methodologie
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  6. Digital Germanic philology? : questions, challenges and obstacles for scholars of german
    Autor*in: Szurawitzki, Michael
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    Is the digital future a blessing for philologists, especially those working the vast area of Germanic Languages & Literatures? Or does it rather come with problems that jeopardize philology, in the Germanic and the broader scope? This paper sets out... mehr

     

    Is the digital future a blessing for philologists, especially those working the vast area of Germanic Languages & Literatures? Or does it rather come with problems that jeopardize philology, in the Germanic and the broader scope? This paper sets out to explore the status quo (1.) of digital source material in Germanic philology, ranging from medieval manuscripts to 21st century e-books and their, at times, highly restricted availability to the scientific community. Do we really face a quantum leap in terms of open access, or is this leap rather confined to those only who pay the exorbitant fees specialist libraries charge for the use of their rare manuscript and book collections? How about Google Books (2.)? Are we in danger of neglecting everything that is (still) missing there? And what is in it for the German scholar? Can we believe that in some years’ time we will be able to get our hands on every source text we desire within seconds since it is only a click away? This paper critically assesses the process and progress of the digitization of mankind’s written records (3.), focusing on problems to be overcome by e.g. medievalists wishing to consult certain source material. This is illustrated by means of the example of how it is not yet possible consult certain materials related to the Franciscan preacher Berthold von Regensburg († 1272). A short concluding summary (4.) highlights perspectives for further thinking and discussion.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur (830)
    Schlagworte: Germanistik
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  7. Coherence in hypertext
    Autor*in: Fritz, Gerd
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    At first sight hypertext does not look !ike a good subject for research on coherence. Hypertext is non-linear text, and coherence is typically defined for linear text. So coherence does not seem to be involved in hypertext at all. But on closer... mehr

     

    At first sight hypertext does not look !ike a good subject for research on coherence. Hypertext is non-linear text, and coherence is typically defined for linear text. So coherence does not seem to be involved in hypertext at all. But on closer inspection it emerges that some of the basic structural problems with hypertexts are classical problems of coherence.

     
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    ISBN: 90-272-5077-4
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Hypertext
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  8. Coreference in dialogue
    Autor*in: Fritz, Gerd
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    Since the early days of discourse analysis coreference has always been considered a major factor in the formation of texts and dialogues. The repetition of nominal elements and the anaphoric use of pronouns in successive sentences is a fundamental... mehr

     

    Since the early days of discourse analysis coreference has always been considered a major factor in the formation of texts and dialogues. The repetition of nominal elements and the anaphoric use of pronouns in successive sentences is a fundamental cohesive pattern which ties sentences together and contributes to the coherence of sequences. "La coherence transphrastique trouve dans la pronominalisation un des procedes les plus efficaces" (Stati 1990, 160). The basic structural pattern on which linguists focused their interest in the early 1970s is captured by the following examples: (1) A man entered the house. After closing the door, the man sat down. He was tired. (2) Peter The man entered the house. He was tired. He ...

     
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    ISBN: 3-484-75013-8
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Dialog; Kommunikationsanalyse
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  9. Comprehensibility and the basic structures of dialogue
    Autor*in: Fritz, Gerd
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    The study of what makes utterances difficult or easy to understand is one of the central topics of research in comprehension. It is both theoretically attractive and useful in practice. The more we know about difficulties in understanding the more we... mehr

     

    The study of what makes utterances difficult or easy to understand is one of the central topics of research in comprehension. It is both theoretically attractive and useful in practice. The more we know about difficulties in understanding the more we know about understanding. And the better we grasp typical problems of understanding in certain types of discourse and for certain recipients the better we can overcome these problems and the better we can advise people whose job it is to overcome such problems. It is therefore not surprising that comprehensibility has been the object of much reflection as far back as the days of classical rhetoric and that it is a center of lively interest in several present-day scientific disciplines, ranging from artificial intelligence and educational psychology to linguistics.

     
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    ISBN: 978-3-484-75001-2
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Dialog; Kommunikationsanalyse
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  10. Text types in a new medium : the first newspapers (1609)
    Autor*in: Fritz, Gerd
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    The first printed newspapers in the modern sense of the word appeared in the seventeenth century. They were weekly publications which contained regular reports by correspondents from all over Europe, mainlyon political matters. Although the new... mehr

     

    The first printed newspapers in the modern sense of the word appeared in the seventeenth century. They were weekly publications which contained regular reports by correspondents from all over Europe, mainlyon political matters. Although the new medium as such was innovative in its general organization, the individual news items were produced by following text patterns which already had a history of their own. The article reports recent research on the emerging constellation of text types in the first two German newspapers, the Aviso and the Relation of the year 1609. lt is focussed on delineating a prototype-based typology of the relevant text types and on tracing back these forms of presentation of news items to earlier genres and media like chronicles, handwritten newsletters, printed pamphlets and biannual news collections. The general interest of this line of research as a contribution to historical pragmatics lies in the attempt to see historical text types in an evolutionary perspective, taking into account the context of text production and, as far as possible, the reactions of the reading public.

     
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    Schlagworte: Textlinguistik
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  11. On answering accusations in controversies
    Autor*in: Fritz, Gerd
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    Accusations are a very frequent type of speech act both in everyday life and in formal controversies, and answering accusations is a sophisticated type of linguistic practice well worth analysing from a pragmatic point of view. In my paper I shall... mehr

     

    Accusations are a very frequent type of speech act both in everyday life and in formal controversies, and answering accusations is a sophisticated type of linguistic practice well worth analysing from a pragmatic point of view. In my paper I shall first describe some basic properties of accusations and characteristic types of reactions to accusations, i. e. denying the alleged fact, making excuses, and giving justifications. I then go on to describe some fundamental functions of accusations in controversies. Using the basic patterns of accusations and reactions to accusations as an object of comparison, I then analyse some relevant exchanges from historical controversies (l6th to 18th century), among them famous polemical interactions like the Hobbes-Bramhall controversy, but also less well-known debates from the fields of medicine and theology. The present paper is both a contribution to the theory of controversy and to the pragmatic history of controversies. Keywords: historical pragmatics, theory of controversy, ad hominem moves, dynamics of controversy

     
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    Schlagworte: Kommunikationsanalyse
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  12. Remarks on the structure of the verbal complex in early 17th century German
    Autor*in: Fritz, Gerd
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    Speakers of various Southern german dialects may be heard to use two syntactic variants of subordinate clauses which are represented by the following Swabian examples: (1) daß er den net will komme lasse (2) daß er den net komme lasse will Of these... mehr

     

    Speakers of various Southern german dialects may be heard to use two syntactic variants of subordinate clauses which are represented by the following Swabian examples: (1) daß er den net will komme lasse (2) daß er den net komme lasse will Of these two variants of the three-element verbal complex, only the non-dialect counterpart of (2) is accepted as standard modern written German: (3) daß er ihn nicht kommen lassen will In earlier periods of the German language, however, both variants were used by authors of written texts.

     
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    ISBN: 3-484-30281-X
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Historische Syntax
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  13. The co-evolution of number concepts and counting words
    Autor*in: Wiese, Heike
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    Humans possess a number concept that differs from its predecessors in animal cognition in two crucial respects: (1) it is based on a numerical sequence whose elements are not confined to quantitative contexts, but can indicate cardinal/quantitative... mehr

     

    Humans possess a number concept that differs from its predecessors in animal cognition in two crucial respects: (1) it is based on a numerical sequence whose elements are not confined to quantitative contexts, but can indicate cardinal/quantitative as well as ordinal and even nominal properties of empirical objects (e.g. ‘five buses’: cardinal; ‘the fifth bus’: ordinal; ‘the #5 bus’: nominal), and (2) it can involve recursion and, via recursion, discrete infinity. In contrast to that, the predecessors of numerical cognition that we find in animals and human infants rely on finite and iconic representations that are limited to cardinality and do not support a unified concept of number. In this paper, I argue that the way such a unified number concept could evolve in humans is via verbal sequences that are employed as numerical tools, that is, sequences of words whose elements are associated with empirical objects in number assignments. In particular, I show that a certain kind of number words, namely the counting sequences of natural languages, can be characterised as a central instance of verbal numerical tools. I describe a possible scenario for the emergence of such verbal numerical tools in human history that starts from iconic roots and that suggests that in a process of co-evolution, the gradual emergence of counting sequences and the development of an increasingly comprehensive number concept supported each other. On this account, it is language that opened the way for numerical cognition, suggesting that it is no accident that the same species that possesses the language faculty as a unique trait, should also be the one that developed a systematic concept of number.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Kognitionswissenschaft; Lexikologie
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  14. Beers, kaffi, and Schnaps : different grammatical options for 'restaurant talk' coercions in three Germanic languages
    Autor*in: Wiese, Heike ; Maling, Joan
    Erschienen: 10.11.2009

    This paper discusses constructions like “We’ll have two beers and a coffee.” that are typically used for beverage orders in restaurant contexts. We compare the behaviour of nouns in these constructions in three Germanic languages, English, Icelandic,... mehr

     

    This paper discusses constructions like “We’ll have two beers and a coffee.” that are typically used for beverage orders in restaurant contexts. We compare the behaviour of nouns in these constructions in three Germanic languages, English, Icelandic, and German, and take a closer look at the correlation of the morpho-syntactic and semantic-conceptual changes involved here. We show that even within such a closely related linguistic sample, one finds three different grammatical options for the expression of the same conceptual transition. Our findings suggest an analysis of coercion as a genuinely semantic phenomenon, a phenomenon that is located on a level of semantic representations that serves as an interface between the conceptual and the grammatical system and takes into account inter- and intralinguistic variations.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Lexikologie; Pragmalinguistik
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  15. What is abductive inference?
    Autor*in: Wirth, Uwe
    Erschienen: 16.11.2009

    Abductive reasoning: constitutes according to Peirce the "first stage" of scientific inquiries (CP 6.469) and of any interpretive processes. "Abduction" is the process of adopting an explanatory hypothesis (CP 5.145) and covers two operations: the... mehr

     

    Abductive reasoning: constitutes according to Peirce the "first stage" of scientific inquiries (CP 6.469) and of any interpretive processes. "Abduction" is the process of adopting an explanatory hypothesis (CP 5.145) and covers two operations: the selection and the formation of plausible hypotheses. As process of finding premisses, it is the basis of interpretive reconstruction of causes and intentions, as well as of inventive construction of theories.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Semiotik; Abduktion <Logik>
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  16. Weak function word shift
    Autor*in: Vogel, Ralf
    Erschienen: 28.04.2004

    The fact that object shift only affects weak pronouns in mainland Scandinavian is seen as an instance of a more general observation that can be made in all Germanic languages: weak function words tend to avoid the edges of larger prosodic domains.... mehr

     

    The fact that object shift only affects weak pronouns in mainland Scandinavian is seen as an instance of a more general observation that can be made in all Germanic languages: weak function words tend to avoid the edges of larger prosodic domains. This generalisation has been formulated within Optimality Theory in terms of alignment constraints on prosodic structure by Selkirk (1996) in explaining thedistribution of prosodically strong and weak forms of English functionwords, especially modal verbs, prepositions and pronouns. But a purely phonological account fails to integrate the syntactic licensing conditions for object shift in an appropriate way. The standard semantico-syntactic accounts of object shift, onthe other hand, fail to explain why it is only weak pronouns that undergo object shift. This paper develops an Optimality theoretic model of the syntax-phonology interface which is based on the interaction of syntactic and prosodic factors. The account can successfully be applied to further related phenomena in English and German.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Optimalitätstheorie; Syntax; Semantik; Phonologie; Prosodie; Kontrastive Linguistik
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