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  1. There’s no Data like More Data? Revisiting the Impact of Data Size on a Classification Task
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  European Language Resources Association

    In the paper we investigate the impact of data size on a Word Sense Disambiguation task (WSD). We question the assumption that the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, which is known as one of the major challenges for WSD, can be solved by simply... mehr

     

    In the paper we investigate the impact of data size on a Word Sense Disambiguation task (WSD). We question the assumption that the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, which is known as one of the major challenges for WSD, can be solved by simply obtaining more and more training data. Our case study on 1,000 manually annotated instances of the German verb drohen (threaten) shows that the best performance is not obtained when training on the full data set, but by carefully selecting new training instances with regard to their informativeness for the learning process (Active Learning). We present a thorough evaluation of the impact of different sampling methods on the data sets and propose an improved method for uncertainty sampling which dynamically adapts the selection of new instances to the learning progress of the classifier, resulting in more robust results during the initial stages of learning. A qualitative error analysis identifies problems for automatic WSD and discusses the reasons for the great gap in performance between human annotators and our automatic WSD system.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Dokumentverarbeitung; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  2. Bringing Active Learning to Life
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Palmer, Alexis
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Beijing : Tsinghua University Press

    Active learning has been applied to different NLP tasks, with the aim of limiting the amount of time and cost for human annotation. Most studies on active learning have only simulated the annotation scenario, using prelabelled gold standard data. We... mehr

     

    Active learning has been applied to different NLP tasks, with the aim of limiting the amount of time and cost for human annotation. Most studies on active learning have only simulated the annotation scenario, using prelabelled gold standard data. We present the first active learning experiment for Word Sense Disambiguation with human annotators in a realistic environment, using fine-grained sense distinctions, and investigate whether AL can reduce annotation cost and boost classifier performance when applied to a real-world task.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Computerlinguistik; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. SemEval-2010 Task 10: Linking Events and Their Participants in Discourse
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Sporleder, Caroline ; Morante, Roser ; Baker, Collin F. ; Palmer, Martha
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Stroudsburg : Association for Computational Linguistics

    We describe the SemEval-2010 shared task on “Linking Events and Their Participants in Discourse”. This task is an extension to the classical semantic role labeling task. While semantic role labeling is traditionally viewed as a sentence-internal... mehr

     

    We describe the SemEval-2010 shared task on “Linking Events and Their Participants in Discourse”. This task is an extension to the classical semantic role labeling task. While semantic role labeling is traditionally viewed as a sentence-internal task, local semantic argument structures clearly interact with each other in a larger context, e.g., by sharing references to specific discourse entities or events. In the shared task we looked at one particular aspect of cross-sentence links between argument structures, namely linking locally uninstantiated roles to their co-referents in the wider discourse context (if such co-referents exist). This task is potentially beneficial for a number of NLP applications, such as information extraction, question answering or text summarization.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Semasiologie; Frame-Semantik; Labeling approach; Automatische Sprachanalyse
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Speaker Attribution in Cabinet Protocols
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Sporleder, Caroline ; Shirokov, Fabian
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  European Language Resources Association

    Historical cabinet protocols are a useful resource which enable historians to identify the opinions expressed by politicians on different subjects and at different points of time. While cabinet protocols are often available in digitized form, so far... mehr

     

    Historical cabinet protocols are a useful resource which enable historians to identify the opinions expressed by politicians on different subjects and at different points of time. While cabinet protocols are often available in digitized form, so far the only method to access their information content is by keyword-based search, which often returns sub-optimal results. We present a method for enriching German cabinet protocols with information about the originators of statements. This requires automatic speaker attribution. In order to avoid costly manual annotation of training data, we design a rule-based system which exploits morpho-syntactic cues. Unlike many other approaches, our method can also deal with cases in which the speaker is not explicitly identified in the sentence itself. This is an important capability as 45% of all sentences in the data constitute reported speech whose speakers are not explicitly marked. Our system is able to detect implicit speakers by taking into account signals of speaker continuity. We show that such a system obtains good results, especially with respect to recall which is particularly important for information access.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  5. Generating FrameNets of various granularities: The FrameNet Transformer
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Sunde, Jonas ; Pinkal, Manfred
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  European Language Resources Association

    We present a method and a software tool, the FrameNet Transformer, for deriving customized versions of the FrameNet database based on frame and frame element relations. The FrameNet Transformer allows users to iteratively coarsen the FrameNet sense... mehr

     

    We present a method and a software tool, the FrameNet Transformer, for deriving customized versions of the FrameNet database based on frame and frame element relations. The FrameNet Transformer allows users to iteratively coarsen the FrameNet sense inventory in two ways. First, the tool can merge entire frames that are related by user-specified relations. Second, it can merge word senses that belong to frames related by specified relations. Both methods can be interleaved. The Transformer automatically outputs format-compliant FrameNet versions, including modified corpus annotation files that can be used for automatic processing. The customized FrameNet versions can be used to determine which granularity is suitable for particular applications. In our evaluation of the tool, we show that our method increases accuracy of statistical semantic parsers by reducing the number of word-senses (frames) per lemma, and increasing the number of annotated sentences per lexical unit and frame. We further show in an experiment on the FATE corpus that by coarsening FrameNet we do not incur a significant loss of information that is relevant to the Recognizing Textual Entailment task.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik; Semasiologie; Syntaktische Analyse; Automatische Sprachanalyse
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  6. Assessing the benefits of partial automatic pre-labeling for frame-semantic annotation
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Sporleder, Caroline
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  The Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Processing

    In this paper, we present the results of an experiment in which we assess the usefulness of partial semi-automatic annotation for frame labeling. While we found no conclusive evidence that it can speed up human annotation, automatic pre-annotation... mehr

     

    In this paper, we present the results of an experiment in which we assess the usefulness of partial semi-automatic annotation for frame labeling. While we found no conclusive evidence that it can speed up human annotation, automatic pre-annotation does increase its overall quality.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  7. MaJo - A Toolkit for Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation and Active Learning
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Sunde, Jonas
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Milano : EDUCatt

    We present MaJo, a toolkit for supervised Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), with an interface for Active Learning. Our toolkit combines a flexible plugin architecture which can easily be extended, with a graphical user interface which guides the user... mehr

     

    We present MaJo, a toolkit for supervised Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), with an interface for Active Learning. Our toolkit combines a flexible plugin architecture which can easily be extended, with a graphical user interface which guides the user through the learning process. MaJo integrates off-the-shelf NLP tools like POS taggers, treebank-trained statistical parsers, as well as linguistic resources like WordNet and GermaNet. It enables the user to systematically explore the benefit gained from different feature types for WSD. In addition, MaJo provides an Active Learning environment, where the system presents carefully selected instances to a human oracle. The toolkit supports manual annotation of the selected instances and re-trains the system on the extended data set. MaJo also provides the means to evaluate the performance of the system against a gold standard. We illustrate the usefulness of our system by learning the frames (word senses) for three verbs from the SALSA corpus, a version of the TiGer treebank with an additional layer of frame-semantic annotation. We show how MaJo can be used to tune the feature set for specific target words and so improve performance for these targets. We also show that syntactic features, when carefully tuned to the target word, can lead to a substantial increase in performance.

     
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    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
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    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  8. Finding the Sources and Targets of Subjective Expressions
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Somasundaran, Swapna ; Wiebe, Janyce
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  ELRA

    As many popular text genres such as blogs or news contain opinions by multiple sources and about multiple targets, finding the sources and targets of subjective expressions becomes an important sub-task for automatic opinion analysis systems. We... mehr

     

    As many popular text genres such as blogs or news contain opinions by multiple sources and about multiple targets, finding the sources and targets of subjective expressions becomes an important sub-task for automatic opinion analysis systems. We argue that while automatic semantic role labeling systems (ASRL) have an important contribution to make, they cannot solve the problem for all cases. Based on the experience of manually annotating opinions, sources, and targets in various genres, we present linguistic phenomena that require knowledge beyond that of ASRL systems. In particular, we address issues relating to the attribution of opinions to sources; sources and targets that are realized as zero-forms; and inferred opinions. We also discuss in some depth that for arguing attitudes we need to be able to recover propositions and not only argued-about entities. A recurrent theme of the discussion is that close attention to specific discourse contexts is needed to identify sources and targets correctly.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Semantische Analyse; Automatische Sprachanalyse
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  9. Reframing FrameNet Data
    Autor*in: Schwarzer-Petruck, Myriam ; Fillmore, Charles J. ; Baker, Collin F. ; Ellsworth, Michael ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Lorient : Euralex

    The Berkeley FrameNet Project (http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~framenet) is building an on-line lexical resource for contemporary English. The database provides information about the semantic and syntactic combinatorial possibilities (valences) of each... mehr

     

    The Berkeley FrameNet Project (http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~framenet) is building an on-line lexical resource for contemporary English. The database provides information about the semantic and syntactic combinatorial possibilities (valences) of each item analyzed. This paper describes the conceptual basis for what has been called reframing of data in the FrameNet database and exemplifies two new frame-to-frame relations, Causative_of and Inchoative_of, the implementation of which came about as a result of reanalysis of certain frames and lexical units. The new relations are characterized with respect to a triple of frames involving the notion of attaching, and entering them into the database is demonstrated using the Frame Relations Editor. The two relations allow FrameNet to make frame-wise distinctions that capture fairly systematic semantic relationships across sets of lexical units. While the Inheritance and Subframe relations are of particular interest to the NLP research community, Causative_of and Inchoative_of may be more relevant to lexicography.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
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    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  10. FrameNet’s Frames vs. Levin’s Verb Classes
    Autor*in: Baker, Collin F. ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Linguistics Society

    The classification of verbs in Levin's (1993) English Verb Classes and Alternations: A preliminary Investigation, on the basis of both intuitive semantic grouping and their participation in valence alternations, is often used by the NLP community as... mehr

     

    The classification of verbs in Levin's (1993) English Verb Classes and Alternations: A preliminary Investigation, on the basis of both intuitive semantic grouping and their participation in valence alternations, is often used by the NLP community as evidence of the semantic similarity of verbs (Jing & McKeown 1998; Lapata & Brew 1999; Kohl et al. 1998). In this paper, we compare the Levin classification with the work of the FrameNet project (Fillmore & Baker 2001), where words (not just verbs) are grouped according to the conceptual structures (frames) that underlie them and their combinatorial patterns are inductively derived from corpus evidence. This means that verbs grouped together in FrameNet (FN) might be semantically similar but have different (or no) alternations, and that verbs which share the same alternation might be represented in two different semantic frames.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Verb; Valenz; Semantisches Netz; Englisch
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  11. Collocational Information in the FrameNet Database
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Baker, Collin F. ; Fillmore, Charles J.
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Euralex

    The FrameNet lexical database yields information about collocations and multiword expressions in various ways. In some cases phrasal units have been entered from the start as lexical entries (write down). In other cases headword + preposition pairs... mehr

     

    The FrameNet lexical database yields information about collocations and multiword expressions in various ways. In some cases phrasal units have been entered from the start as lexical entries (write down). In other cases headword + preposition pairs can be recognized as special collocations Where the preposition in question is a necessary and lexically specified marker of an argument of the headword + fond of, hostile to). Nominal compounds are annotated with respect to noun or (pertinative) adjective modifiers, some of which are analyzable but also entrenched (wheel chair, fiscal year). Nouns that name aggregates, portions, types, etc., sometimes hold lexically specified relations to their dependents (flock of geese). And event nouns frequently Select the support verbs which permit them to enter into predications (file an objection, enter a plea). A subproject aims at extracting, as structured clusters of lexical items, the minimal semantically central kernel dependency graphs from the set of annotations. Such research will yield not only commonplace groupings (eat: dog, bone) but will also yield hitherto unnoticed collocations within such graphs (answer: you, door) where certain dependency links within them are idiomatic or otherwise lexically special, here answer > door. Collocational information can also be retrieved by various types of queries within our MySQL search tool

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik; Mehrworteinheit; Phraseologismus; Kollokation; Automatische Sprachanalyse
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  12. Enriching FrameNet with Scalar Information
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Brandes, Jasper
    Erschienen: 2016

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Semantische Analyse; Adjektiv
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  13. FrameNet II: Extended theory and practice
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Ellsworth, Michael ; Schwarzer-Petruck, Myriam ; Johnson, Christopher R. ; Scheffczyk, Jan
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Berkeley, CA : International Computer Science Institute

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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Bericht
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  14. FrameNet: Theory and Practice
    Autor*in: Johnson, Christopher R. ; Schwarzer-Petruck, Myriam ; Baker, Collin F. ; Ellsworth, Michael ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Fillmore, Charles J.
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Berkeley, CA : International Computer Science Institute

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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Bericht
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  15. Effect Functors for Opinion Inference
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Brandes, Jasper
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Paris : European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

    Sentiment analysis has so far focused on the detection of explicit opinions. However, of late implicit opinions have received broader attention, the key idea being that the evaluation of an event type by a speaker depends on how the participants in... mehr

     

    Sentiment analysis has so far focused on the detection of explicit opinions. However, of late implicit opinions have received broader attention, the key idea being that the evaluation of an event type by a speaker depends on how the participants in the event are valued and how the event itself affects the participants. We present an annotation scheme for adding relevant information, couched in terms of so-called effect functors, to German lexical items. Our scheme synthesizes and extends previous proposals. We report on an inter-annotator agreement study. We also present results of a crowdsourcing experiment to test the utility of some known and some new functors for opinion inference where, unlike in previous work, subjects are asked to reason from event evaluation to participant evaluation.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
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    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  16. Verifying the robustness of opinion inference
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Brandes, Jasper
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum

    There is increasing interest in recognizing opinion inferences in addition to expressions of explicit sentiment. While different formalisms for representing inferential mechanisms are being developed and lexical resources are being built alongside,... mehr

     

    There is increasing interest in recognizing opinion inferences in addition to expressions of explicit sentiment. While different formalisms for representing inferential mechanisms are being developed and lexical resources are being built alongside, we here address the need for deeper investigation of the robustness of various aspects of opinion inference, performing crowdsourcing experiments with constructed stimuli as well as a corpus study of attested data.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  17. IGGSA Shared Task on Source and Target Extraction from Political Speeches
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Struß, Julia Maria ; Wiegand, Michael
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum

    The Shared Task on Source and Target Extraction from Political Speeches (STEPS) first ran in 2014 and is organized by the Interest Group on German Sentiment Analysis (IGGSA). This volume presents the proceedings of the workshop of the second... mehr

     

    The Shared Task on Source and Target Extraction from Political Speeches (STEPS) first ran in 2014 and is organized by the Interest Group on German Sentiment Analysis (IGGSA). This volume presents the proceedings of the workshop of the second iteration of the shared task. The workshop was held at KONVENS 2016 at Ruhr-University Bochum on September 22, 2016.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Computerlinguistik; Politische Sprache
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  18. Overview of the IGGSA 2016 Shared Task on Source and Target Extraction from Political Speeches
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Struß, Julia Maria ; Wiegand, Michael
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum

    We present the second iteration of IGGSA’s Shared Task on Sentiment Analysis for German. It resumes the STEPS task of IGGSA’s 2014 evaluation campaign: Source, Subjective Expression and Target Extraction from Political Speeches. As before, the task... mehr

     

    We present the second iteration of IGGSA’s Shared Task on Sentiment Analysis for German. It resumes the STEPS task of IGGSA’s 2014 evaluation campaign: Source, Subjective Expression and Target Extraction from Political Speeches. As before, the task is focused on fine-grained sentiment analysis, extracting sources and targets with their associated subjective expressions from a corpus of speeches given in the Swiss parliament. The second iteration exhibits some differences, however; mainly the use of an adjudicated gold standard and the availability of training data. The shared task had 2 participants submitting 7 runs for the full task and 3 runs for each of the subtasks. We evaluate the results and compare them to the baselines provided by the previous iteration. The shared task homepage can be found at iggsasharedtask2016.github.io.

     
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    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Politische Sprache; Politische Kommunikation; Computerlinguistik
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  19. Opinion Holder and Target Extraction on Opinion Compounds – A Linguistic Approach
    Autor*in: Wiegand, Michael ; Bocionek, Christine ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  San Diego (California) : Association for Computational Linguistics

    We present an approach to the new task of opinion holder and target extraction on opinion compounds. Opinion compounds (e.g. user rating or victim support) are noun compounds whose head is an opinion noun. We do not only examine features known to be... mehr

     

    We present an approach to the new task of opinion holder and target extraction on opinion compounds. Opinion compounds (e.g. user rating or victim support) are noun compounds whose head is an opinion noun. We do not only examine features known to be effective for noun compound analysis, such as paraphrases and semantic classes of heads and modifiers, but also propose novel features tailored to this new task. Among them, we examine paraphrases that jointly consider holders and targets, a verb detour in which noun heads are replaced by related verbs, a global head constraint allowing inferencing between different compounds, and the categorization of the sentiment view that the head conveys.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Propositionale Einstellung; Kompositum; Automatische Textanalyse; Information Extraction
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  20. Separating Actor-View from Speaker-View Opinion Expressions using Linguistic Features
    Autor*in: Wiegand, Michael ; Schulder, Marc ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  San Diego (California) : Association for Computational Linguistics

    We examine different features and classifiers for the categorization of opinion words into actor and speaker view. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive work to address sentiment views on the word level taking into consideration opinion... mehr

     

    We examine different features and classifiers for the categorization of opinion words into actor and speaker view. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive work to address sentiment views on the word level taking into consideration opinion verbs, nouns and adjectives. We consider many high-level features requiring only few labeled training data. A detailed feature analysis produces linguistic insights into the nature of sentiment views. We also examine how far global constraints between different opinion words help to increase classification performance. Finally, we show that our (prior) word-level annotation correlates with contextual sentiment views.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Propositionale Einstellung; Information Extraction; Automatische Textanalyse; Meinungsverb
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    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  21. Building a morphological treebank for German from a linguistic database
    Autor*in: Steiner, Petra ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  Paris, France : European language resources association (ELRA)

    German is a language with complex morphological processes. Its long and often ambiguous word forms present a bottleneck problem in natural language processing. As a step towards morphological analyses of high quality, this paper introduces a... mehr

     

    German is a language with complex morphological processes. Its long and often ambiguous word forms present a bottleneck problem in natural language processing. As a step towards morphological analyses of high quality, this paper introduces a morphological treebank for German. It is derived from the linguistic database CELEX which is a standard resource for German morphology. We build on its refurbished, modernized and partially revised version. The derivation of the morphological trees is not trivial, especially for such cases of conversions which are morpho-semantically opaque and merely of diachronic interest. We develop solutions and present exemplary analyses. The resulting database comprises about 40,000 morphological trees of a German base vocabulary whose format and grade of detail can be chosen according to the requirements of the applications. The Perl scripts for the generation of the treebank are publicly available on github. In our discussion, we show some future directions for morphological treebanks. In particular, we aim at the combination with other reliable lexical resources such as GermaNet.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Morphologie; Computerlinguistik; Deutsch
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  22. Proceedings of GermEval 2018, 14th Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS 2018), Vienna, Austria – September 21, 2018
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Siegel, Melanie ; Wiegand, Michael
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Vienna, Austria : Austrian Academy of Sciences

    Offensive language in social media is a problem currently widely discussed. Researchers in language technology have started to work on solutions to support the classification of offensive posts. We present the pilot edition of the GermEval Shared... mehr

     

    Offensive language in social media is a problem currently widely discussed. Researchers in language technology have started to work on solutions to support the classification of offensive posts. We present the pilot edition of the GermEval Shared Task on the Identification of Offensive Language. This shared task deals with the classification of German tweets from Twitter. GermEval 2018 is the fourth workshop in a series of shared tasks on German processing.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Social Media; Beleidigung; Deutsch; Automatische Sprachverarbeitung; Twitter; Kongress
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  23. Overview of the GermEval 2018 Shared Task on the Identification of Offensive Language
    Autor*in: Wiegand, Michael ; Siegel, Melanie ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Vienna, Austria : Austrian Academy of Sciences

    We present the pilot edition of the GermEval Shared Task on the Identification of Offensive Language. This shared task deals with the classification of German tweets from Twitter. It comprises two tasks, a coarse-grained binary classification task... mehr

     

    We present the pilot edition of the GermEval Shared Task on the Identification of Offensive Language. This shared task deals with the classification of German tweets from Twitter. It comprises two tasks, a coarse-grained binary classification task and a fine-grained multi-class classification task. The shared task had 20 participants submitting 51 runs for the coarse-grained task and 25 runs for the fine-grained task. Since this is a pilot task, we describe the process of extracting the raw-data for the data collection and the annotation schema. We evaluate the results of the systems submitted to the shared task. The shared task homepage can be found at projects.cai. fbi.h-da.de/iggsa/

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Social Media; Twitter; Beleidigung; Deutsch; Automatische Sprachverarbeitung
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  24. The treatment of emotion vocabulary in FrameNet: past, present and future developments
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Düsseldorf : düsseldorf university press

    Both for psychology and linguistics, emotion concepts are a continuing challenge for analysis in several respects. In this contribution, we take up the language of emotion as an object of study from several angles. First, we consider how frame... mehr

     

    Both for psychology and linguistics, emotion concepts are a continuing challenge for analysis in several respects. In this contribution, we take up the language of emotion as an object of study from several angles. First, we consider how frame semantic analyses of this domain by the FrameNet project have been developing over time, due to theory-internal as well as application-oriented goals, towards ever more fine-grained distinctions and greater within-frame consistency. Second, we compare how FrameNet’s linguistically oriented analysis of lexical items in the emotion domain compares to the analysis by domain experts of the experiences that give rise (directly or indirectly) to the lexical items. And finally, we consider to what extent frame semantic analysis can capture phenomena such as connotation and inference about attitudes, which are important in the field of sentiment analysis and opinion mining, even if they do not involve the direct evocation of emotion.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik; Semantische Analyse; Automatische Sprachverarbeitung
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  25. Automatically creating a lexicon of verbal polarity shifters: mono- and cross-lingual methods for German
    Autor*in: Schulder, Marc ; Wiegand, Michael ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Stroudsburg PA, USA : The Association for Computational Linguistics

    In this paper we use methods for creating a large lexicon of verbal polarity shifters and apply them to German. Polarity shifters are content words that can move the polarity of a phrase towards its opposite, such as the verb “abandon” in “abandon... mehr

     

    In this paper we use methods for creating a large lexicon of verbal polarity shifters and apply them to German. Polarity shifters are content words that can move the polarity of a phrase towards its opposite, such as the verb “abandon” in “abandon all hope”. This is similar to how negation words like “not” can influence polarity. Both shifters and negation are required for high precision sentiment analysis. Lists of negation words are available for many languages, but the only language for which a sizable lexicon of verbal polarity shifters exists is English. This lexicon was created by bootstrapping a sample of annotated verbs with a supervised classifier that uses a set of data- and resource-driven features. We reproduce and adapt this approach to create a German lexicon of verbal polarity shifters. Thereby, we confirm that the approach works for multiple languages. We further improve classification by leveraging cross-lingual information from the English shifter lexicon. Using this improved approach, we bootstrap a large number of German verbal polarity shifters, reducing the annotation effort drastically. The resulting German lexicon of verbal polarity shifters is made publicly available. ; In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir Methoden zur Erstellung eines deutschsprachigen Lexikons polaritätsverschiebender Verben. Diese Verben, die vielfach auch Polaritätsshifter genannt werden, sind Inhaltswörter, die die Polarität einer Phrase zu ihrem entgegengesetzten Wert verschieben, wie z.B. das Verb „aufgeben“ in der Verbalphrase „alle Hoffnung aufgeben“. Das Verhalten von Polaritätsshiftern ähnelt somit dem von Negationswörtern wie „nicht“. Für robuste Sentimentanalyse werden sowohl Negationswörter als auch Polaritätsshifter benötigt. Während Listen von Negationswörtern in vielen Sprachen verfügbar sind, existiert jedoch ein Polaritätsshifter-Lexikon hinreichender Größe nur für das Englische. Jene Ressource wurde mittels Bootstrapping erzeugt, indem ein überwachter Klassifikator auf einer kleinen Stichprobe von Verben ...

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch (430)
    Schlagworte: Semantische Analyse; Verb; Polaritätsprofil; Wortliste; Automatische Sprachverarbeitung
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess