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  1. Michael P. Barnes: The Runic Inscriptions of the Isle of Man
    Autor*in: Zimmermann, Christiane
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Walter de Gruyter GmbH

    sãnt:ulf:hin:suarti:raisti:krus:þãna:aftir:arin:biaurk:kuinu:sina – Sǫndulfr hinn svarti reisti kross þenna eptir Arinbjǫrg kvinnu sína. – ‚Sǫndulfr hinn svarti errichtete dieses Kreuz im Gedenken an Arinbjǫrg, seine Frau.‘ (MM 131, Andreas IIa). Die... mehr

     

    sãnt:ulf:hin:suarti:raisti:krus:þãna:aftir:arin:biaurk:kuinu:sina – Sǫndulfr hinn svarti reisti kross þenna eptir Arinbjǫrg kvinnu sína. – ‚Sǫndulfr hinn svarti errichtete dieses Kreuz im Gedenken an Arinbjǫrg, seine Frau.‘ (MM 131, Andreas IIa). Die Runeninschrift Andreas IIa auf der Kreuzplatte (engl. cross slab) mit der Manx Museum Nr. 131 mutet auf den ersten Blick wenig spektakulär an; sie bildet gemeinsam mit etwa 20 weiteren Texten und Textfragmenten des Typs Memorial- inschrift den Kern der vorliegenden Neuedition der Runeninschriften der Isle of Man. Aus kulturhistorischer, sprachhistorischer und runologischer Sicht ist dieses Corpus jedoch in mehrfacher Hinsicht bemerkenswert und verdient besondere Aufmerksamkeit: Die Manx rune-stones, wie die Gruppe dieser Artefakte in der englischsprachigen Literatur genannt wird, zeugen in ihrer Form, ihrem Dekor und den Runeninschriften von einem produktiven Zusammenspiel keltischer und skandinavischer Traditionen auf der Isle of Man, das in dieser Form einzigartig ist.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Rezension
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Andere germanische Sprachen (439); Geschichte und Geografie (900); Geschichte Europas (940); 4; 9
    Schlagworte: article; Review; Published Version; Runen; Textfragment; Kelten; Isle of Man
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  2. From Naming Verb to Copula: The Case of Wangerooge Frisian Heit
    Autor*in: Hoekstra, Jarich
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    In the now extinct Frisian dialect of the island of Wangerooge, the naming verb heit ‘to be called’ had partially grammaticalized into a copular verb ‘to be’ competing, to some extent, with the original copula wízze ‘to be’. In this paper, I discuss... mehr

     

    In the now extinct Frisian dialect of the island of Wangerooge, the naming verb heit ‘to be called’ had partially grammaticalized into a copular verb ‘to be’ competing, to some extent, with the original copula wízze ‘to be’. In this paper, I discuss the development and the status of the copula heit in some detail and consider what it might tell one about the taxonomy of copular clauses (Higgins 1979). I show that the functional change from naming verb to copula initially occurred in identificational copular clauses. From there heit spread to classifi-cational and specificational copular clauses, but not to predicational ones. This development suggests a principled distinction between predicational copular clauses on the one hand and identificational copular clauses (conceived as comprising classifying, specifying, and equating ones) on the other. This does not imply, however, that heit is an identificational copula or that it selects an identificational small clause. I analyze copular heit used with an identificational small clause as a suppletive allomorph of wízze ‘to be’.*

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; Wangerooge Frisian; naming verbs; quotations; copular verbs; suppletion
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. The development of linguistic stimuli for the Swedish Situated Phoneme test
    Autor*in: Witte, Erik ; Ekeroot, Jonas ; Köbler, Susanne
    Erschienen: 2024
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    The speech perception ability of people with hearing loss can be efficiently measured using phonemic-level scoring. We aimed to develop linguistic stimuli suitable for a closed-set phonemic discrimination test in the Swedish language called the... mehr

     

    The speech perception ability of people with hearing loss can be efficiently measured using phonemic-level scoring. We aimed to develop linguistic stimuli suitable for a closed-set phonemic discrimination test in the Swedish language called the Situated Phoneme (SiP) test. The SiP test stimuli that we developed consisted of real monosyllabic words with minimal phonemic contrast, realised by phonetically similar phones. The lexical and sub- lexical factors of word frequency, phonological neighbourhood density, phonotactic prob- ability, and orthographic transparency were similar between all contrasting words. Each test word was recorded five times by two different speakers, including one male and one female. The accuracy of the test-word recordings was evaluated by 28 normal-hearing subjects in a listening experiment with a silent background using a closed-set design. With a few exceptions, all test words could be correctly discriminated. We discuss the results in terms of content- and construct-validity implications for the Swedish SiP test.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; hearing impairment; minimal pairs; phonemic discrimination; phonetic distance; speech perception; speech test; Swedish
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Is Swedish more beautiful than Danish? Matched guise investigations with unknown languages
    Autor*in: Hilton, Nanna H. ; Gooskens, Charlotte ; Schüppert, Anja ; Tang, Chaoju
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    Are some languages universally seen as beautiful? And if so, what are the linguistic traits that make some languages sound more pleasing than others? This paper addresses these two questions. We do so with results from two listener experiments that... mehr

     

    Are some languages universally seen as beautiful? And if so, what are the linguistic traits that make some languages sound more pleasing than others? This paper addresses these two questions. We do so with results from two listener experiments that use speech samples from a bilingual Danish–Swedish speaker in a matched guise test, where the listeners are ‘previously unexposed’ students from central China. Our results indicate that listeners from Central China with no previous exposure find Swedish more pleasing sounding than Danish. This finding provides evidence that there could be features of language that sound more beautiful to listeners cross-culturally. In a follow-up experiment we remove the intonation contours of the speech to see whether this prosodic trait plays a role for evaluations. The results show that the difference in evaluations between Swedish and Danish disappears when both speech samples are monotonised. We discuss the importance of our findings for language attitudes research.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; Danish; language attitudes; prosody; Swedish
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  5. The effect of givenness and referring expression on dative alternation in Norwegian: A reaction time study
    Autor*in: Velnić, Marta ; Anderssen, Merete
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    This study investigates how givenness and pronominality affect the dative alternation in Norwegian. Previous studies have found givenness to influence the Double Object Dative (DOD) but not the Prepositional Dative (PD). Thirty-one Norwegian native... mehr

     

    This study investigates how givenness and pronominality affect the dative alternation in Norwegian. Previous studies have found givenness to influence the Double Object Dative (DOD) but not the Prepositional Dative (PD). Thirty-one Norwegian native speakers completed a speeded acceptability judgment task, in which given objects were expressed by definite DPs or pronouns, and either preceded or followed the new referent. DODs were found to be highly sensitive to givenness. Surprisingly, PDs also showed contextual dependency. Referring expressions affected the two structures differently: reaction times were faster with pronouns in DODs and slower in PDs. This suggests that the alternates have different processing biases, with the former preferring pronouns and the latter DPs. The results are further considered in relation to the notion of harmonic alignment, as PDs, in which the typically animate recipient is always the second object, and will thus consistently represent a suboptimal and non-harmonious order when givenness is adhered to.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; acceptability judgment task; dative alternation; givenness; Norwegian; reaction time; referring expression
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  6. Variation in adjunct islands: The case of Norwegian
    Autor*in: Bondevik, Ingrid ; Kush, Dave ; Lohndal, Terje
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    Finite adjunct clauses are often assumed to be among the strongest islands for filler–gap dependency creation cross-linguistically, but Kush, Lohndal & Sprouse (2019) found experimental evidence suggesting that finite conditional om-adjunct clauses... mehr

     

    Finite adjunct clauses are often assumed to be among the strongest islands for filler–gap dependency creation cross-linguistically, but Kush, Lohndal & Sprouse (2019) found experimental evidence suggesting that finite conditional om-adjunct clauses are not islands for topicalization in Norwegian. To investigate the generality of these findings, we ran three acceptability judgment experiments testing topicalization out of three adjunct clause types: om ‘if’, når ‘when’ and fordi ‘because’ in Norwegian. Largely replicating Kush et al. (2019), we find evidence for the absence of strong island effects with topicalization from om-adjuncts in all three experiments. We find island effects for når- and fordi-adjuncts, but the size of the effects and the underlying judgment distributions that produce those effects differ greatly by island type. Our results suggest that the syntactic category ‘adjunct’ may not constitute a suitably fine-grained grouping to explain variation in island effects.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; adjunct complementizers; adjunct islands; acceptability judgments; contrastive topicalization; filler-gap dependency; islands; Norwegian; variation
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  7. Split possession and definiteness marking in American Norwegian
    Autor*in: Kinn, Kari
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    This article discusses definiteness marking in two possessive constructions that exhibit special patterns (split possession) for certain kinship nouns in Norwegian. It is shown that the special patterns, whereby the relevant nouns appear without a... mehr

     

    This article discusses definiteness marking in two possessive constructions that exhibit special patterns (split possession) for certain kinship nouns in Norwegian. It is shown that the special patterns, whereby the relevant nouns appear without a definite suffix, are retained by the majority speakers of American Norwegian (AmNo); some AmNo speakers use them even more extensively than homeland speakers, and only a minority do not use them. The forms without the suffix are analysed as a reflex of a poss feature that is a part of the featural make-up of certain kinship nouns (Julien 2005). I argue that the most conspicuous differences in distribution of this feature in the homeland vs. the heritage variety have emerged through a combination of decline in homeland Norwegian and retention and even extension in AmNo. The development in AmNo seems to be systematic and principled; it does not involve “loss” or incompleteness (e.g., Yager et al. 2015; Kupisch & Rothman 2016; Bayram et al. 2019).

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; split possession; definiteness marking; kinship nouns; American Norwegian; heritage languages; syntactic change; possessive constructions
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  8. Morphological variation and development in a Northern Norwegian role play register
    Autor*in: Strand, Bror-Magnus S.
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    This paper investigates the variation in and development of a set of morphological variables in a register known to be used by Norwegian children when engaging in role play. In this register they code-switch to something resembling the standard or... mehr

     

    This paper investigates the variation in and development of a set of morphological variables in a register known to be used by Norwegian children when engaging in role play. In this register they code-switch to something resembling the standard or Oslo variety for their in-character role utterances. The variation across variables, subjects, and age is demonstrated and discussed, and although most variables are used in the standard variants, their rates vary. A fitted binomial generalised mixed effect analysis on the most frequent variables shows that the rate of standard variants increases significantly as an effect of age.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; Child Language; Register Variation; Morphology; Role Play; Norwegian
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  9. Code-switching alone cannot explain intraspeaker syntactic variability: Evidence from a spoken elicitation experiment
    Autor*in: Lundquist, Björn ; Westendorp, Maud ; Strand, Bror-Magnus S.
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    We address the question whether speakers activate different grammars when they encounter linguistic input from different registers, here written standardised language and spoken dialect. This question feeds into the larger theoretical and empirical... mehr

     

    We address the question whether speakers activate different grammars when they encounter linguistic input from different registers, here written standardised language and spoken dialect. This question feeds into the larger theoretical and empirical question if variable syntactic patterns should be modelled as switching between different registers/grammars, or as underspecified mappings from form to meaning within one grammar. We analyse 6000 observations from 26 high school students from Tromsø, comprising more than 20 phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic variables obtained from two elicited production experiments: one using standardised written language and one using spoken dialect as the elicitation source. The results suggest that most participants directly activate morphophonological forms from the local dialect when encountering standardised orthographic forms, suggesting that they do not treat the written and spoken language as different grammars. Furthermore, the syntactic variation does not track the morphophonological variation, which suggests that code/register-switching alone cannot explain syntactic optionality.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; code-switching; elicited production experiment; microvariation; Northern Norwegian; registers vs. languages; syntactic optionality; syntactic variation
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  10. Language policy and corporate law: A case study from Norway
    Autor*in: Sanden, Guro R.
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    This paper investigates how 492 of the largest companies in Norway comply with the language requirement of the Norwegian Accounting Act Article 3-4. The results show that 36% of the companies presented their financial statements in Norwegian only,... mehr

     

    This paper investigates how 492 of the largest companies in Norway comply with the language requirement of the Norwegian Accounting Act Article 3-4. The results show that 36% of the companies presented their financial statements in Norwegian only, 45% in one or more language(s) in addition to Norwegian, while 19% had been granted dispensation and presented statements in English-only. The company’s ownership, use of English as a corporate language, and industry affiliation were the three most commonly mentioned reasons for dispensation, but the findings show significant differences between industry sectors in terms of language choice. The study contributes to corporate law research by examining the interpretation and application of the Norwegian Accounting Act by the Norwegian Directorate of Taxes; to sociolinguistics by shedding new light on the concepts of domain loss and diglossia; and to language-sensitive research in international business by analysing language use in Norwegian companies.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; corporate law; diglossia; domain loss; language policy; multidisciplinary; Norway
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  11. Flexibility of frequent clause openers in talk-in-interaction: Det ‘it, that’ and så ‘then’ in the prefield in Danish
    Autor*in: Puggaard, Rasmus
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    Through in-depth analysis of the use of det ‘it, that’ and så ‘then’ occupying the first clausal position (the prefield) in Danish talk-in-interaction, this paper investigates how speakers use highly flexible linguistic elements to their advantage... mehr

     

    Through in-depth analysis of the use of det ‘it, that’ and så ‘then’ occupying the first clausal position (the prefield) in Danish talk-in-interaction, this paper investigates how speakers use highly flexible linguistic elements to their advantage when commencing clauses in real time. These particular words are useful when occupying the prefield, because their flexible nature means that they can be used even when speakers do not have a full format ready for the carrier clause, as long as they have some idea of the interactional purpose of the clause and its information structural prerequisites. The dominating frequency of the most frequent clause openers goes largely unmentioned in previous accounts of the prefield, and the use of det ‘it, that’ and så ‘then’ challenges the popular notion that the textually unmarked prefield is also the grammatical subject of the carrier clause.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; Danish; discourse and grammar; information structure; interactional linguistics; online syntax; syntax–pragmatics interface
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  12. Patterns of gender assignment in the Jamtlandic variety of Scandinavian
    Autor*in: Van Epps, Briana ; Carling, Gerd
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    In this study, we present an analysis of gender assignment tendencies in Jamtlandic, a language variety of Sweden, using a word list of 1029 items obtained from fieldwork. Most research on gender assignment in the Scandinavian languages focuses on... mehr

     

    In this study, we present an analysis of gender assignment tendencies in Jamtlandic, a language variety of Sweden, using a word list of 1029 items obtained from fieldwork. Most research on gender assignment in the Scandinavian languages focuses on the standard languages (Steinmetz 1985; Källström 1996; Trosterud 2001, 2006) and Norwegian dialects (Enger 2011, Kvinlaug 2011, Enger & Corbett 2012). However, gender assignment principles for Swedish dialects have not previously been researched. We find generalizations based on semantic, morphological, and phonological principles. Some of the principles apply more consistently than others, some ‘win’ in competition with other principles; a multinomial logistic regression analysis provides a statistical foundation for evaluating the principles. The strongest tendencies are those based on biological sex, plural inflection, derivational suffixes, and some phonological sequences. Weaker tendencies include non-core semantic tendencies and other phonological sequences. Gender assignment in modern loanwords differs from the overall material, with a larger proportion of nouns assigned masculine gender.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; gender assignment; grammatical gender; Jamtlandic; Scandinavian; Swedish dialects
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  13. Gender shift in a Norwegian diminutive construction
    Autor*in: Fløgstad, Guro Nore ; Eiesland, Eli Anne
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Cambridge University Press (CUP)

    In this article, we discuss the ei litta construction in Norwegian, a construction that involves the use of feminine morphology combined with non-feminine nouns, and expresses evaluation. Through corpus analyses and an online survey, we investigate... mehr

     

    In this article, we discuss the ei litta construction in Norwegian, a construction that involves the use of feminine morphology combined with non-feminine nouns, and expresses evaluation. Through corpus analyses and an online survey, we investigate the form and function of the construction, synchronically and diachronically. We discuss the emergence of the ei litta construction in the light of a larger restructuring of the Norwegian gender system, possibly allowing for greater flexibility in the assignment of gender. We also describe the ei litta construction as an example of gender shift, a previously unattested morphological strategy in Norwegian to express evaluative meaning.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400); Andere germanische Sprachen (439); 4
    Schlagworte: article; ScholarlyArticle; Published Version; diminutive; evaluative morphology; feminine; gender; Norwegian
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess