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  1. Adding Value to CMC Corpora: CLARINification and Part-of-speech Annotation of the Dortmund Chat Corpus
    Autor*in: Beißwenger, Michael ; Ehrhardt, Eric ; Horbach, Andrea ; Lüngen, Harald ; Steffen, Diana ; Storrer, Angelika
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  German Society for Computational Linguistics & Language Technology (GSCL)

  2. The Morphosyntactic Annotation of DeReKo: Interpretation, Opportunities, and Pitfalls
    Autor*in: Belica, Cyril ; Kupietz, Marc ; Witt, Andreas ; Lüngen, Harald
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Tübingen : Narr

    The paper discusses from various angles the morphosyntactic annotation of DeReKo, the Archive of General Reference Corpora of Contemporary Written German at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), Mannheim. The paper is divided into two parts. The... mehr

     

    The paper discusses from various angles the morphosyntactic annotation of DeReKo, the Archive of General Reference Corpora of Contemporary Written German at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), Mannheim. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part covers the practical and technical aspects of this endeavor. We present results from a recent evaluation of tools for the annotation of German text resources that have been applied to DeReKo. These tools include commercial products, especially Xerox' Finite State Tools and the Machinese products developed by the Finnish company Connexor Oy, as well as software for which academic licenses are available free of charge for academic institutions, e.g. Helmut Schmid's Tree Tagger. The second part focuses on the linguistic interpretability of the corpus annotations and more general methodological considerations concerning scientifically sound empirical linguistic research. The main challenge here is that unlike the texts themselves, the morphosyntactic annotations of DeReKo do not have the status of observed data; instead they constitute a theory and implementation-dependent interpretation. In addition, because of the enormous size of DeReKo, a systematic manual verification of the automatic annotations is not feasible. In consequence, the expected degree of inaccuracy is very high, particularly wherever linguistically challenging phenomena, such as lexical or grammatical variation, are concerned. Given these facts, a researcher using the annotations blindly will run the risk of not actually studying the language but rather the annotation tool or the theory behind it. The paper gives an overview of possible pitfalls and ways to circumvent them and discusses the opportunities offered by using annotations in corpus-based and corpus-driven grammatical research against the background of a scientifically sound methodology.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Annotation; Schriftsprache
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. SusTEInability of linguistic resources through feature structures
    Autor*in: Witt, Andreas ; Rehm, Georg ; Hinrichs, Erhard ; Lehmberg, Timm ; Stegmann, Jens
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Oxford : Oxford University Press

    This article shows that the TEI tag set for feature structures can be adopted to represent a heterogeneous set of linguistic corpora. The majority of corpora is annotated using markup languages that are based on the Annotation Graph framework, the... mehr

     

    This article shows that the TEI tag set for feature structures can be adopted to represent a heterogeneous set of linguistic corpora. The majority of corpora is annotated using markup languages that are based on the Annotation Graph framework, the upcoming Linguistic Annotation Format ISO standard, or according to tag sets defined by or based upon the TEI guidelines. A unified representation comprises the separation of conceptually different annotation layers contained in the original corpus data (e.g. syntax, phonology, and semantics) into multiple XML files. These annotation layers are linked to each other implicitly by the identical textual content of all files. A suitable data structure for the representation of these annotations is a multi-rooted tree that again can be represented by the TEI and ISO tag set for feature structures. The mapping process and representational issues are discussed as well as the advantages and drawbacks associated with the use of the TEI tag set for feature structures as a storage and exchange format for linguistically annotated data.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Programmiersprache; Annotation; Text Encoding Initiative (TEI)
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Guidance through the standards jungle for linguistic resources
    Autor*in: Stührenberg, Maik ; Werthmann, Antonina ; Witt, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Paris : European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

    Research today is often performed in collaborated projects composed of project partners with different backgrounds and from different institutions and countries. Standards can be a crucial tool to help harmonizing these differences and to create... mehr

     

    Research today is often performed in collaborated projects composed of project partners with different backgrounds and from different institutions and countries. Standards can be a crucial tool to help harmonizing these differences and to create sustainable resources. However, choosing a standard depends on having enough information to evaluate and compare different annotation and metadata formats. In this paper we present ongoing work on an interactive, collaborative website that collects information on standards in the field of linguistics as a means to guide interested researchers.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Computerlinguistik; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  5. Different Views on Markup
    Autor*in: Goecke, Daniela ; Lüngen, Harald ; Metzing, Dieter ; Stührenberg, Maik ; Witt, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Dordrecht : Springer

    In this chapter, two different ways of grouping information represented in document markup are examined: annotation levels, referring to conceptual levels of description, and annotation layers, referring to the technical realisation of markup using... mehr

     

    In this chapter, two different ways of grouping information represented in document markup are examined: annotation levels, referring to conceptual levels of description, and annotation layers, referring to the technical realisation of markup using e.g. document grammars. In many current XML annotation projects, multiple levels are integrated into one layer, often leading to the problem of having to deal with overlapping hierarchies. As a solution, we propose a framework for XML-based multiple, independent XML annotation layers for one text, based on an abstract representation of XML documents with logical predicates. Two realisations of the abstract representation are presented, a Prolog fact base format together with an application architecture, and a specification for XML native databases. We conclude with a discussion of projects that have currently adopted this framework.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Computerlinguistik; XML; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  6. Integrated Linguistic Annotation Models and Their Application in the Domain of Antecedent Detection
    Autor*in: Witt, Andreas ; Stührenberg, Maik ; Goecke, Daniela ; Metzing, Dieter
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer

    Seamless integration of various, often heterogeneous linguistic resources in terms of their output formats and a combined analysis of the respective annotation layers are crucial tasks for linguistic research. After a decade of concentration on the... mehr

     

    Seamless integration of various, often heterogeneous linguistic resources in terms of their output formats and a combined analysis of the respective annotation layers are crucial tasks for linguistic research. After a decade of concentration on the development of formats to structure single annotations for specific linguistic issues, in the last years a variety of specifications to store multiple annotations over the same primary data has been developed. The paper focuses on the integration of the knowledge resource logical document structure information into a text document to enhance the task of automatic anaphora resolution both for the task of candidate detection and antecedent selection. The paper investigates data structures necessary for knowledge integration and retrieval.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Computerlinguistik; Annotation; Automatische Sprachanalyse
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  7. Multi-Dimensional Markup: N-way relations as a generalisation over possible relations between annotation layers
    Autor*in: Lüngen, Harald ; Witt, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Oulu : University of Oulu

  8. Corpus Masking: Legally Bypassing Licensing Restrictions for the Free Distribution of Text Collections
    Autor*in: Rehm, Georg ; Witt, Andreas ; Zinsmeister, Heike ; Dellert, Johannes
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Urbana-Champaign : University of Illinois

    Export in Literaturverwaltung
    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Auszeichnungssprache; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  9. Multidimensional markup and heterogeneous linguistic resources
    Autor*in: Stührenberg, Maik ; Witt, Andreas ; Goecke, Daniela ; Metzing, Dieter ; Schonefeld, Oliver
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Stroudsburg : ACL

    The paper discusses two topics: firstly an approach of using multiple layers of annotation is sketched out. Regarding the XML representation this approach is similar to standoff annotation. A second topic is the use of heterogeneous linguistic... mehr

     

    The paper discusses two topics: firstly an approach of using multiple layers of annotation is sketched out. Regarding the XML representation this approach is similar to standoff annotation. A second topic is the use of heterogeneous linguistic resources (e.g., XML annotated documents, taggers, lexical nets) as a source for semiautomatic multi-dimensional markup to resolve typical linguistic issues, dealing with anaphora resolution as a case study.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Multimodalität; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/nl/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  10. Making CONCUR work
    Autor*in: Hilbert, Mirco ; Schonefeld, Oliver ; Witt, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Montreal : Extreme Markup Languages Conference

    The SGML feature CONCUR allowed for a document to be simultaneously marked up in multiple conflicting hierarchical tagsets but validated and interpreted in one tagset at a time. Alas, CONCUR was rarely implemented, and XML does not address the... mehr

     

    The SGML feature CONCUR allowed for a document to be simultaneously marked up in multiple conflicting hierarchical tagsets but validated and interpreted in one tagset at a time. Alas, CONCUR was rarely implemented, and XML does not address the problem of conflicting hierarchies at all. The MuLaX document syntax is a non-XML syntax that enables multiply-encoded hierarchies by distinguishing different “layers” in the hierarchy by adding a layer ID as a prefix to the element names. The IDs tie all the elements in a single hierarchy together in an “annotation layer”. Extraction of a single annotation layer results in a well-formed XML document, and each annotation layer may be associated with an XML schema. The MuLaX processing model works on the nodes of one annotation layer at a time through Xpath-like navigation. CONCUR lives!

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Computerlinguistik; Auszeichnungssprache; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  11. Declarations of Relations, Differences and Transformations between Theory-specific Treebanks: A New Methodology
    Autor*in: Sasaki, Felix ; Witt, Andreas ; Metzing, Dieter
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Växjö : Växjö University Press

    This paper deals with the problem of how to interrelate theory-specific treebanks and how to transform one treebank format to another. Currently, two approaches to achieve these goals can be differentiated. The first creates a mapping algorithm... mehr

     

    This paper deals with the problem of how to interrelate theory-specific treebanks and how to transform one treebank format to another. Currently, two approaches to achieve these goals can be differentiated. The first creates a mapping algorithm between treebank formats. Categories of a source format are transformed into a target format via a given set of general or language-specific mapping rules. The second relates treebanks via a transformation to a general model of linguistic categories, for example based on the EAGLES recommendations for syntactic annotations of corpora, or relying on the HPSG framework. This paper proposes a new methodology as a solution for these desiderata.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Annotation; Methode
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  12. Meaning and interpretation of concurrent markup
    Autor*in: Witt, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Tübingen : ZDV Universität Tübingen

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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Annotation; Auszeichnungssprache
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  13. Linguistische Informationsmodellierung mit XML
    Autor*in: Witt, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Wiesbaden : VS Verlag

  14. Linguistische Annotationen für die Analyse von Gliederungsstrukturen wissenschaftlicher Texte
    Autor*in: Lüngen, Harald ; Hebborn, Mariana
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Frankfurt am Main : Campus

  15. IGGSA-STEPS: Shared Task on Source and Target Extraction from Political Speeches
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Struß, Julia Maria
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Gesellschaft für Sprachtechnologie und Computerlinguistik : Regensburg

    Accurate opinion mining requires the exact identification of the source and target of an opinion. To evaluate diverse tools, the research community relies on the existence of a gold standard corpus covering this need. Since such a corpus is currently... mehr

     

    Accurate opinion mining requires the exact identification of the source and target of an opinion. To evaluate diverse tools, the research community relies on the existence of a gold standard corpus covering this need. Since such a corpus is currently not available for German, the Interest Group on German Sentiment Analysis decided to create such a resource and make it available to the research community in the context of a shared task. In this paper, we describe the selection of textual sources, development of annotation guidelines, and first evaluation results in the creation of a gold standard corpus for the German language.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Annotation; Parlamentsdebatte; Data Mining; Politische Sprache; Automatische Sprachanalyse
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  16. A CUP of CoFee: A Large Collection of Feedback Utterances Provided with Communicative Function Annotations
    Autor*in: Prévot, Laurent ; Gorisch, Jan ; Bertrand, Roxane
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Paris : European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

    There have been several attempts to annotate communicative functions to utterances of verbal feedback in English previously. Here, we suggest an annotation scheme for verbal and non-verbal feedback utterances in French including the categories base,... mehr

     

    There have been several attempts to annotate communicative functions to utterances of verbal feedback in English previously. Here, we suggest an annotation scheme for verbal and non-verbal feedback utterances in French including the categories base, attitude, previous and visual. The data comprises conversations, maptasks and negotiations from which we extracted ca. 13,000 candidate feedback utterances and gestures. 12 students were recruited for the annotation campaign of ca. 9,500 instances. Each instance was annotated by between 2 and 7 raters. The evaluation of the annotation agreement resulted in an average best-pair kappa of 0.6. While the base category with the values acknowledgement, evaluation, answer, elicit and other achieves good agreement, this is not the case for the other main categories. The data sets, which also include automatic extractions of lexical, positional and acoustic features, are freely available and will further be used for machine learning classification experiments to analyse the form-function relationship of feedback.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Pragmatik; Gesprochene Sprache; Rückmeldung; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  17. Discourse Level Opinion Relations: An Annotation Study
    Autor*in: Somasundaran, Swapna ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Wiebe, Janyce
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh

    This work proposes opinion frames as a representation of discourse-level associations that arise from related opinion targets and which are common in task-oriented meeting dialogs. We define the opinion frames and explain their interpretation.... mehr

     

    This work proposes opinion frames as a representation of discourse-level associations that arise from related opinion targets and which are common in task-oriented meeting dialogs. We define the opinion frames and explain their interpretation. Additionally we present an annotation scheme that realizes the opinion frames and via human annotation studies, we show that these can be reliably identified.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Automatische Textanalyse; Propositionale Einstellung; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  18. Yes we can!? Annotating the senses of English modal verbs
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Rehbein, Ines
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Paris : European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

    This paper presents an annotation scheme for English modal verbs together with sense-annotated data from the news domain. We describe our annotation scheme and discuss problematic cases for modality annotation based on the inter-annotator agreement... mehr

     

    This paper presents an annotation scheme for English modal verbs together with sense-annotated data from the news domain. We describe our annotation scheme and discuss problematic cases for modality annotation based on the inter-annotator agreement during the annotation. Furthermore, we present experiments on automatic sense tagging, showing that our annotations do provide a valuable training resource for NLP systems.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Englisch; Modalverb; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  19. There’s no Data like More Data? Revisiting the Impact of Data Size on a Classification Task
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  European Language Resources Association

    In the paper we investigate the impact of data size on a Word Sense Disambiguation task (WSD). We question the assumption that the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, which is known as one of the major challenges for WSD, can be solved by simply... mehr

     

    In the paper we investigate the impact of data size on a Word Sense Disambiguation task (WSD). We question the assumption that the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, which is known as one of the major challenges for WSD, can be solved by simply obtaining more and more training data. Our case study on 1,000 manually annotated instances of the German verb drohen (threaten) shows that the best performance is not obtained when training on the full data set, but by carefully selecting new training instances with regard to their informativeness for the learning process (Active Learning). We present a thorough evaluation of the impact of different sampling methods on the data sets and propose an improved method for uncertainty sampling which dynamically adapts the selection of new instances to the learning progress of the classifier, resulting in more robust results during the initial stages of learning. A qualitative error analysis identifies problems for automatic WSD and discusses the reasons for the great gap in performance between human annotators and our automatic WSD system.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Dokumentverarbeitung; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  20. Bringing Active Learning to Life
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Palmer, Alexis
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Beijing : Tsinghua University Press

    Active learning has been applied to different NLP tasks, with the aim of limiting the amount of time and cost for human annotation. Most studies on active learning have only simulated the annotation scenario, using prelabelled gold standard data. We... mehr

     

    Active learning has been applied to different NLP tasks, with the aim of limiting the amount of time and cost for human annotation. Most studies on active learning have only simulated the annotation scenario, using prelabelled gold standard data. We present the first active learning experiment for Word Sense Disambiguation with human annotators in a realistic environment, using fine-grained sense distinctions, and investigate whether AL can reduce annotation cost and boost classifier performance when applied to a real-world task.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Computerlinguistik; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  21. Automatic Classification by Topic Domain for Meta Data Generation, Web Corpus Evaluation, and Corpus Comparison
    Autor*in: Schäfer, Roland ; Bildhauer, Felix
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Berlin : Association for Computational Linguistics

    In this paper, we describe preliminary results from an ongoing experiment wherein we classify two large unstructured text corpora—a web corpus and a newspaper corpus—by topic domain (or subject area). Our primary goal is to develop a method that... mehr

     

    In this paper, we describe preliminary results from an ongoing experiment wherein we classify two large unstructured text corpora—a web corpus and a newspaper corpus—by topic domain (or subject area). Our primary goal is to develop a method that allows for the reliable annotation of large crawled web corpora with meta data required by many corpus linguists. We are especially interested in designing an annotation scheme whose categories are both intuitively interpretable by linguists and firmly rooted in the distribution of lexical material in the documents. Since we use data from a web corpus and a more traditional corpus, we also contribute to the important field of corpus comparison and corpus evaluation. Technically, we use (unsupervised) topic modeling to automatically induce topic distributions over gold standard corpora that were manually annotated for 13 coarse-grained topic domains. In a second step, we apply supervised machine learning to learn the manually annotated topic domains using the previously induced topics as features. We achieve around 70% accuracy in 10-fold cross validations. An analysis of the errors clearly indicates, however, that a revised classification scheme and larger gold standard corpora will likely lead to a substantial increase in accuracy.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Textlinguistik; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  22. Assessing the benefits of partial automatic pre-labeling for frame-semantic annotation
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Sporleder, Caroline
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  The Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Processing

    In this paper, we present the results of an experiment in which we assess the usefulness of partial semi-automatic annotation for frame labeling. While we found no conclusive evidence that it can speed up human annotation, automatic pre-annotation... mehr

     

    In this paper, we present the results of an experiment in which we assess the usefulness of partial semi-automatic annotation for frame labeling. While we found no conclusive evidence that it can speed up human annotation, automatic pre-annotation does increase its overall quality.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  23. STTS goes Kiez – Experiments on Annotating and Tagging Urban Youth Language
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Schalowski, Sören
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Regensburg : GSCL

  24. Towards a syntactically motivated analysis of modifiers in German
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Hirschmann, Hagen
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Hildesheim : Universitätsverlag Hildesheim

    The Stuttgart-Tübingen Tagset (STTS) is a widely used POS annotation scheme for German which provides 54 different tags for the analysis on the part of speech level. The tagset, however, does not distinguish between adverbs and different types of... mehr

     

    The Stuttgart-Tübingen Tagset (STTS) is a widely used POS annotation scheme for German which provides 54 different tags for the analysis on the part of speech level. The tagset, however, does not distinguish between adverbs and different types of particles used for expressing modality, intensity, graduation, or to mark the focus of the sentence. In the paper, we present an extension to the STTS which provides tags for a more fine-grained analysis of modification, based on a syntactic perspective on parts of speech. We argue that the new classification not only enables us to do corpus-based linguistic studies on modification, but also improves statistical parsing. We give proof of concept by training a data-driven dependency parser on data from the TiGer treebank, providing the parser a) with the original STTS tags and b) with the new tags. Results show an improved labelled accuracy for the new, syntactically motivated classification.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Annotation; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Korpus
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/deed.de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  25. POS error detection in automatically annotated corpora
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Stroudsburg, PA : ACL

    Recent work on error detection has shown that the quality of manually annotated corpora can be substantially improved by applying consistency checks to the data and automatically identifying incorrectly labelled instances. These methods, however, can... mehr

     

    Recent work on error detection has shown that the quality of manually annotated corpora can be substantially improved by applying consistency checks to the data and automatically identifying incorrectly labelled instances. These methods, however, can not be used for automatically annotated corpora where errors are systematic and cannot easily be identified by looking at the variance in the data. This paper targets the detection of POS errors in automatically annotated corpora, so-called silver standards, showing that by combining different measures sensitive to annotation quality we can identify a large part of the errors and obtain a substantial increase in accuracy.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Konferenzveröffentlichung
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Annotation
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/deed.de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess