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I.II.Introduction.Outline of the book --Sources and methods --Overview of South Sulawesi --The languages and people of South Sulawesi --The Ajattappareng kingdoms in South Sulawesi --Kingdoms, tributaries and domains: the political structure of the South Sulawesi kingdoms --The rise and development of the lowland South Sulawesi kingdoms: a theoretical perspective --Oral and written tradition in South Sulawesi.Introduction --Oral tradition in South Sulawesi --The transmission of oral tradition --Transformation and functions of oral historical traditions --The written tradition --The origins of the written tradition --South Sulawesi writings of a historical nature --The attoriolong, patturioloang and pattodioloang texts --The chronicles --The relationship between oral and written traditions --Oral historical tradition in written form. Origin and precedence in Ajattappareng --An order of precedence among the Ajattappareng kingdoms --Written Ajattappareng genealogies --Origin traditions of individual kingdoms --The Sidénréng origin tradition --Traditions concerning Sawitto --Oral tradition from Simbuang --Oral tradition form Kadokkong --Oral history from Sawitto --Oral tradition from Sawitto --Oral tradition from Cempa --An oral tradition from Alitta --Origin, precedence and history --Ajattappareng, 1200 to 1600.The rise of the Ajattappareng kingdoms: archaeological evidence from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries --Early trade networks and the spread of wet-rice agriculture --The fifteenth century: expansion, alliance and agricultural intensification --The southward expansion of Suppaq and its emergence as a maritime power.V. Oral dissemination of the written word and the interaction between the oral and written registers --Stories about Suppaq, Sawitto and Gowa: from the mid-sixteenth century to the twenty-first century --Tradition 1: The attoriolong Suppaq and Sawitto --Tradition 2: The fate of Wé Lampé Wéluaq and La Cellaq Mata --Tradition 3: Haji Paewa's tradition --Tradition 4: A story from the oral register --Tradition 5: Modern print and oral dissemination of tradition --A historical perspective on the geography and peoples of the Ajattappareng region.Introduction --The central lakes --The Saddang river system --The River Saddang --The evidence for the Saddang's change of course --Reconstruction of the former course of the Saddang river --The old Saddang delta --The Saddang-Sawitto branch --The Saddang-Tiroang branch --Pao to Sumpang Saddang --Causal factors for the Saddang's change of course.III. The period 1200-1600 CE saw a radical transformation from simple chiefdoms to kingdoms (in archaeological terminology, complex chiefdoms) across lowland South Sulawesi, a region that lay outside the classical Indicized parts of Southeast Asia. The rise of these kingdoms was stimulated and economically supported by trade in prestige goods with other parts of island Southeast Asia, yet the development of these kingdoms was determined by indigenous, rather than imported, political and cultural precepts. Starting in the thirteenth century, the region experienced a transition from swidden cultivation to wet-rice agriculture; rice was the major product that the lowland kingdoms of South Sulawesi exchanged with archipelagic traders. Stephen Druce demonstrates this progression to political complexity by combining a range of sources and methods, including oral, textual, archaeological, linguistic and geographical information and analysis as he explores the rise and development of five South Sulawesi kingdoms, known collectively as Ajattappareng (the Lands West of the Lakes). The author also presents an inquiry into oral traditions of a historical nature in South Sulawesi. He examines their functions, their processes of transmission and transformation, their uses in writing history and their relationship to written texts. He shows that any distinction between oral and written traditions of a historical nature is largely irrelevant, and that the South Sulawesi chronicles, which can be found only for a small number of kingdoms, are not characteristic (as historians have argued) but exceptional in the corpus of indigenous South Sulawesi historical sources. The book will be of primary interest to scholars of pre-European-contact Southeast Asia, including historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists and geographers, and scholars with a broader interest in oral tradition and the relationship between the oral and written registers Stephen Druce obtained his PhD from the Centre for South-East Asian Studies, University of Hull. He has published on South Sulawesi history and archaeology in English and Indonesian language journals The relationship between rivers, trade and settlement patterns in the Ajattappareng region before --The River Saddang --The Marauleng river --The Binagakaraeng river --The Bila river --The languages and people of the Ajattappareng region --Linguistic studies and local ethnolinguistic perceptions in the Ajattappareng region --Bugis dialects of the Ajattappareng region --Massenrempulu languages of the Ajattappareng region --Pre-Islamic mortuary practice in the Ajattappareng region --Bugis and Makasar mortuary practices --Mortuary practices in the Ajattappareng region --Massenrempulu mortuary practices --A movement of people --Conclusion --Origin and precedence in Ajattappareng.A historical perspective --Introduction --Austronesian ideas of origin and precedence --Origin and precedence in South Sulawesi --Rulers, commoners and blood --Precedence between settlements.IV. The fifteenth century expansion of Sidénréng --Agricultural intensification in Rappang --Between the plains and the coast: --Alitta in the fifteenth century --The emergence of Sawitto --The sixteenth century --Conflict for control of the central plains and the defeat of Sidénréng --The emergence of a five-kingdom confederation --The maritime influence of Suppaq and Sawitto in the first half of the sixteenth century --The first European visitors and conversion to Christianity --War with Gowa and the decline of Suppaq and Sawitto --Sidénréng's alliance with Gowa --Resistance to Gowa and the Islamization of Ajattappareng --Conclusion --The tributary and domain lists of Ajattappareng --Archaeological survey data --Transliterations and translations of lontaraq texts --European maps from Chapter III --Four European maps showing Durate --List of informants.VI.Appendices --
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