: Introduction: revolution in comparative and historical sociology -- The Akkadian constitutive revolution and the establishment of universal monarch in Mesopotamia -- The Athenian constitutive revolution and subsequent revolutions of ancient Greece -- Revolution in the Roman Republic -- Revolution in the Roman Principate and its transformation into imperial constitutional autocracy -- The last Roman integrative revolution -- Rise of the Sasanian empire: a feudal integrative revolution in late antiquity -- Rise of Islam: the constitutive revolution of late antiquity -- Islam's integrative social revolution -- The papal revolution and its export: the Crusades -- The Mongolian integrative revolution in eurasia -- Conclusion: world-historical and theoretical significance of premodern revolutions -- Epilogue: revolutions of the last hundred years in the light of my typology -- Conclusion.