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  1. Zum Verhältnis von Logik und Linguistik im Bezug auf UNITYP-Grundsätze
    Autor*in: Boom, Holger van den

    Es ist wiederholt die These vorgebracht worden, die Grundmuster der europäischen Metaphysik entsprängen den grammatischen Grundmustern der zur Darstellung dieser Metaphysik verwendeten Sprache, allgemeiner des indoeuropäischen Sprachtyps. Was ist z.... mehr

     

    Es ist wiederholt die These vorgebracht worden, die Grundmuster der europäischen Metaphysik entsprängen den grammatischen Grundmustern der zur Darstellung dieser Metaphysik verwendeten Sprache, allgemeiner des indoeuropäischen Sprachtyps. Was ist z. B. das Sein anderes als eine abstrakte Fiktion, ermöglicht durch die Nominalisierung des Hilfsverbs? Weder findet sich in jeder Sprache ein solches Hilfsverb noch muß überall, wo es vorhanden ist, auch Nominalisierung möglich sein. Ist somit die Rede vom Sein, Ontologie, nicht – unbeschadet der Gründe, um derentwillen diese Rede geübt wird – eine bloße Irreführung durch die Mittel unserer Sprache? Und ferner: Ist nicht die im Wort "Ontologie" erwähnte Logik von eben demselben Sprachbau abhängig (wenn schon nicht von der menschlichen Psyche)? Wir analysieren doch das Urteil in Subjekt, Prädikat und Kopula, S ist P; und auch hier taucht in verräterischer Weise das Hilfsverb auf. Philosophie? Philosophie der Logik? "Die Philosophie ist ein Kampf gegen die Verhexung unseres Verstandes durch die Mittel unserer Sprache." Mit diesen berühmten Worten leitete L. Wittgenstein eine Entwicklung ein ("Wir führen die Wörter von ihrer metaphysischen, wieder auf ihre alltägliche Verwendung zurück.") die E. Tugendhat 1976 schließlich so zusammenfaßte: "Ich kenne keine befriedigende Antwort auf die Frage, wie die sprachanalytische Philosophie von der empirischen Sprachwissenschaft zu unterscheiden ist." Hat das nicht zur Konsequenz, daß am Ende die logisch-philosophischen Probleme – einschließlich aller die Philosophie der Logik betreffenden –, die doch apriori sich aus der Bewußtseinshelle des Menschen herzustellen scheinen, in einer empirischen Disziplin, der Linguistik, aposteriori also, ihre genugtuende Beantwortung finden? Dieser Frage wollen wir nachgehen. Zunächst ist hier kurz zu umreißen, wie sich dem unbefangenen Betrachter die Beziehung von Logik und Linguistik gegenwärtig darstellt.

     
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    Schlagworte: Logik; Linguistik; Sprachphilosophie
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  2. Literature, measured
    Autor*in: Moretti, Franco
    Erschienen: 01.04.2016

    There comes a moment, in digital humanities talks, when someone raises the hand and says: "Ok. Interesting. But is it really new?" Good question... And let's leave aside the obvious lines of defense, such as "but the field is still only at its... mehr

     

    There comes a moment, in digital humanities talks, when someone raises the hand and says: "Ok. Interesting. But is it really new?" Good question... And let's leave aside the obvious lines of defense, such as "but the field is still only at its beginning!", or "and traditional literary criticism, is that always new?" All true, and all irrelevant; because the digital humanities have presented themselves as a radical break with the past, and must therefore produce evidence of such a break. And the evidence, let's be frank, is not strong. What is there, moreover, comes in a variety of forms, beginning with the slightly paradoxical fact that, in a new approach, not everything has to be new. When "Network Theory, Plot Analysis” pointed out, in passing, that a network of Hamlet had Hamlet at its center, the New York Times gleefully mentioned the passage as an unmistakable sign of stupidity. Maybe; but the point, of course, was not to present Hamlet’s centrality as a surprise; it was exactly the opposite: had the new approach not found Hamlet at the center of the play, its plausibility would have disintegrated. Before using network theory for dramatic analysis, I had to test it, and prove that it corroborated the main results of previous research.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Quantitative Literaturwissenschaft; Digital Humanities
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  3. The Emotions of London
    Autor*in: Heuser, Ryan ; Moretti, Franco ; Steiner, Erik
    Erschienen: 01.10.2016

    A few years ago, a group formed by Ben Allen, Cameron Blevins, Ryan Heuser, and Matt Jockers decided to use topic modeling to extract geographical information from nineteenth-century novels. Though the study was eventually abandoned, it had revealed... mehr

     

    A few years ago, a group formed by Ben Allen, Cameron Blevins, Ryan Heuser, and Matt Jockers decided to use topic modeling to extract geographical information from nineteenth-century novels. Though the study was eventually abandoned, it had revealed that London-related topics had become significantly more frequent in the course of the century, and when some of us were later asked to design a crowd-sourcing experiment, we decided to add a further dimension to those early findings, and see whether London place-names could become the cornerstone for an emotional geography of the city.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: London; Digital Humanities; Romantheorie; Schauplatz
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  4. Broken time, continued evolution : anachronies in contemporary films
    Autor*in: Kanatova, Maria ; Milyakina, Alexandra ; Pilipovec, Tatyana ; Shelya, Artjom ; Sobchuk, Oleg ; Tinits, Peeter

    In 1983, Brian Henderson published an article that examined various types of narrative structure in film, including flashbacks and flashforwards. After analyzing a whole spectrum of techniques capable of effecting a transition between past and... mehr

     

    In 1983, Brian Henderson published an article that examined various types of narrative structure in film, including flashbacks and flashforwards. After analyzing a whole spectrum of techniques capable of effecting a transition between past and present – blurs, fades, dissolves, and so on – he concluded: "Our discussions indicate that cinema has not (yet) developed the complexity of tense structures found in literary works". His "yet" (in parentheses) was an instance of laudable caution, as very soon – in some ten–fifteen years – the situation would change drastically, and temporal twists would become a trademark of a new genre that has not (yet) acquired a standardized name: "modular narratives", "puzzle films", and "complex films" are among the labels used.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Freizeitgestaltung, darstellende Künste, Sport (790); Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Filmtheorie; Zeitraffer; Zeitlupe; Zeitumkehr; Zeitperspektive
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  5. Patterns and interpretation
    Autor*in: Moretti, Franco
    Erschienen: 01.09.2017

    One thing for sure: digitization has completely changed the literary archive. People like me used to work on a few hundred nineteenth-century novels; today, we work on thousands of them; tomorrow, hundreds of thousands. This has had a major effect on... mehr

     

    One thing for sure: digitization has completely changed the literary archive. People like me used to work on a few hundred nineteenth-century novels; today, we work on thousands of them; tomorrow, hundreds of thousands. This has had a major effect on literary history, obviously enough, but also on critical methodology; because, when we work on 200,000 novels instead of 200, we are not doing the same thing, 1,000 times bigger; we are doing a different thing. The new scale changes our relationship to our object, and in fact 'it changes the object itself'.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Romantheorie; Digital Humanities; Quantitative Literaturwissenschaft; Muster <Struktur>; Syntax; Interpretation
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  6. Totentanz : Operationalizing Aby Warburg’s 'Pathosformeln'
    Autor*in: Impett, Leonardo ; Moretti, Franco
    Erschienen: 01.11.2017

    The object of this study is one of the most ambitious projects of twentieth-century art history: Aby Warburg's 'Atlas Mnemosyne', conceived in the summer of 1926 – when the first mention of a 'Bilderatlas', or "atlas of images", occurs in his journal... mehr

     

    The object of this study is one of the most ambitious projects of twentieth-century art history: Aby Warburg's 'Atlas Mnemosyne', conceived in the summer of 1926 – when the first mention of a 'Bilderatlas', or "atlas of images", occurs in his journal – and truncated three years later, unfinished, by his sudden death in October 1929. Mnemosyne consisted in a series of large black panels, about 170x140 cm., on which were attached black-and-white photographs of paintings, sculptures, book pages, stamps, newspaper clippings, tarot cards, coins, and other types of images. Warburg kept changing the order of the panels and the position of the images until the very end, and three main versions of the Atlas have been recorded: one from 1928 (the "1-43 version", with 682 images); one from the early months of 1929, with 71 panels and 1050 images; and the one Warburg was working on at the time of his death, also known as the "1-79 version", with 63 panels and 971 images (which is the one we will examine). But Warburg was planning to have more panels – possibly many more – and there is no doubt that Mnemosyne is a dramatically unfinished and controversial object of study.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Pathosformel; Warburg, Aby Moritz; Mnemosyne; Muster <Struktur>
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  7. Quantitative formalism: an experiment
    Autor*in: Allison, Sarah ; Heuser, Ryan ; Jockers, Matthew ; Moretti, Franco ; Witmore, Michael
    Erschienen: 15.01.2011

    This paper is the report of a study conducted by five people – four at Stanford, and one at the University of Wisconsin – which tried to establish whether computer-generated algorithms could "recognize" literary genres. You take 'David Copperfield',... mehr

     

    This paper is the report of a study conducted by five people – four at Stanford, and one at the University of Wisconsin – which tried to establish whether computer-generated algorithms could "recognize" literary genres. You take 'David Copperfield', run it through a program without any human input – "unsupervised", as the expression goes – and ... can the program figure out whether it's a gothic novel or a 'Bildungsroman'? The answer is, fundamentally, Yes: but a Yes with so many complications that it is necessary to look at the entire process of our study. These are new methods we are using, and with new methods the process is almost as important as the results.

     
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    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Digital Humanities; Literaturwissenschaft; Gattungstheorie
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  8. Network theory, plot analysis
    Autor*in: Moretti, Franco
    Erschienen: 01.05.2011

    In the last few years, literary studies have experienced what we could call the rise of quantitative evidence. This had happened before of course, without producing lasting effects, but this time it’s probably going to be different, because this time... mehr

     

    In the last few years, literary studies have experienced what we could call the rise of quantitative evidence. This had happened before of course, without producing lasting effects, but this time it’s probably going to be different, because this time we have digital databases, and automated data retrieval. As Michel’s and Lieberman’s recent article on "Culturomics" made clear, the width of the corpus and the speed of the search have increased beyond all expectations: today, we can replicate in a few minutes investigations that took a giant like Leo Spitzer months and years of work. When it comes to phenomena of language and style, we can do things that previous generations could only dream of.

    When it comes to language and style. But if you work on novels or plays, style is only part of the picture. What about plot – how can that be quantified? This paper is the beginning of an answer, and the beginning of the beginning is network theory. This is a theory that studies connections within large groups of objects: the objects can be just about anything – banks, neurons, film actors, research papers, friends... – and are usually called nodes or vertices; their connections are usually called edges; and the analysis of how vertices are linked by edges has revealed many unexpected features of large systems, the most famous one being the so-called "small-world" property, or "six degrees of separation": the uncanny rapidity with which one can reach any vertex in the network from any other vertex. The theory proper requires a level of mathematical intelligence which I unfortunately lack; and it typically uses vast quantities of data which will also be missing from my paper. But this is only the first in a series of studies we’re doing at the Stanford Literary Lab; and then, even at this early stage, a few things emerge.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Digital Humanities; Literaturwissenschaft; Handlung <Literatur>; Netzwerktheorie; Charakterstudie; Charakterisierung
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  9. Becoming Yourself : The Afterlife of Reception
    Autor*in: Finn, Ed
    Erschienen: 15.09.2011

    If there is one thing to be learned from David Foster Wallace, it is that cultural transmission is a tricky game. This was a problem Wallace confronted as a literary professional, a university-based writer during what Mark McGurl has called the... mehr

     

    If there is one thing to be learned from David Foster Wallace, it is that cultural transmission is a tricky game. This was a problem Wallace confronted as a literary professional, a university-based writer during what Mark McGurl has called the Program Era. But it was also a philosophical issue he grappled with on a deep level as he struggled to combat his own loneliness through writing. This fundamental concern with literature as a social, collaborative enterprise has also gained some popularity among scholars of contemporary American literature, particularly McGurl and James English: both critics explore the rules by which prestige or cultural distinction is awarded to authors (English; McGurl). Their approach requires a certain amount of empirical work, since these claims move beyond the individual experience of the text into forms of collective reading and cultural exchange influenced by social class, geographical location, education, ethnicity, and other factors. Yet McGurl and English's groundbreaking work is limited by the very forms of exclusivity they analyze: the protective bubble of creative writing programs in the academy and the elite economy of prestige surrounding literary prizes, respectively. To really study the problem of cultural transmission, we need to look beyond the symbolic markets of prestige to the real market, the site of mass literary consumption, where authors succeed or fail based on their ability to speak to that most diverse and complicated of readerships: the general public. Unless we study what I call the social lives of books, we make the mistake of keeping literature in the same ascetic laboratory that Wallace tried to break out of with his intense authorial focus on popular culture, mass media, and everyday life.

     
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    Schlagworte: Digital Humanities; Literarisches Leben; Literaturrezeption; Foster-Wallace, David
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  10. A Quantitative Literary History of 2,958 Nineteenth-Century British Novels : The Semantic Cohort Method
    Autor*in: Heuser, Ryan ; Le-Khac, Long
    Erschienen: 01.05.2012

    The nineteenth century in Britain saw tumultuous changes that reshaped the fabric of society and altered the course of modernization. It also saw the rise of the novel to the height of its cultural power as the most important literary form of the... mehr

     

    The nineteenth century in Britain saw tumultuous changes that reshaped the fabric of society and altered the course of modernization. It also saw the rise of the novel to the height of its cultural power as the most important literary form of the period. This paper reports on a long-term experiment in tracing such macroscopic changes in the novel during this crucial period. Specifically, we present findings on two interrelated transformations in novelistic language that reveal a systemic concretization in language and fundamental change in the social spaces of the novel. We show how these shifts have consequences for setting, characterization, and narration as well as implications for the responsiveness of the novel to the dramatic changes in British society.

    This paper has a second strand as well. This project was simultaneously an experiment in developing quantitative and computational methods for tracing changes in literary language. We wanted to see how far quantifiable features such as word usage could be pushed toward the investigation of literary history. Could we leverage quantitative methods in ways that respect the nuance and complexity we value in the humanities? To this end, we present a second set of results, the techniques and methodological lessons gained in the course of designing and running this project.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Roman; Englische Literatur; Viktorianisches Zeitalter; Kulturgeschichte; Literaturgeschichte; Digital Humanities; Methodologie; Worthäufigkeit; Quantitative Literaturwissenschaft
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  11. Style at the scale of the sentence
    Autor*in: Allison, Sarah ; Gemma, Marissa ; Heuser, Ryan ; Moretti, Franco ; Tevel, Amir ; Yamboliev, Irena
    Erschienen: 01.06.2013

    We would study not style as such, but style 'at the scale of the sentence': the lowest level, it seemed, at which style as a distinct phenomenon became visible. Implicitly, we were defining style as a combination of smaller linguistic units, which... mehr

     

    We would study not style as such, but style 'at the scale of the sentence': the lowest level, it seemed, at which style as a distinct phenomenon became visible. Implicitly, we were defining style as a combination of smaller linguistic units, which made it, in consequence, particularly sensitive to changes in scale—from words to clauses to whole sentences.

     
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    DDC Klassifikation: Literatur und Rhetorik (800)
    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Worthäufigkeit; Stilistik; Satzanalyse; Digital Humanities; Englische Literatur
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  12. "Operationalizing": or, the function of measurement in modern literary theory
    Autor*in: Moretti, Franco
    Erschienen: 01.12.2013

    The concept of length, the concept is synonymous, the concept is nothing more than, the proper definition of a concept ... Forget programs and visions; the operational approach refers specifically to concepts, and in a very specific way: it describes... mehr

     

    The concept of length, the concept is synonymous, the concept is nothing more than, the proper definition of a concept ... Forget programs and visions; the operational approach refers specifically to concepts, and in a very specific way: it describes the process whereby concepts are transformed into a series of operations—which, in their turn, allow to measure all sorts of objects. Operationalizing means building a bridge from concepts to measurement, and then to the world. In our case: from the concepts of literary theory, through some form of quantification, to literary texts.

     
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    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Digital Humanities; Literaturtheorie; Tragödie; Dialoganalyse; Quantitative Literaturwissenschaft
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  13. Loudness in the novel
    Autor*in: Katsma, Holst
    Erschienen: 01.09.2014

    The novel is composed entirely of voices: the most prominent among them is typically that of the narrator, which is regularly intermixed with those of the various characters. In reading through a novel, the reader "hears" these heterogeneous voices... mehr

     

    The novel is composed entirely of voices: the most prominent among them is typically that of the narrator, which is regularly intermixed with those of the various characters. In reading through a novel, the reader "hears" these heterogeneous voices as they occur in the text. When the novel is read out loud, the voices are audibly heard. They are also heard, however, when the novel is read silently: in this la!er case, the voices are not verbalized for others to hear, but acoustically created and perceived in the mind of the reader. Simply put: sound, in the context of the novel, is fundamentally a product of the novel’s voices. This conception of sound mechanics may at first seem unintuitive—sound seems to be the product of oral reading—but it is only by starting with the voice that one can fully appreciate sound’s function in the novel. Moreover, such a conception of sound mechanics finds affirmation in the works of both Mikhail Bakhtin and Elaine Scarry: "In the novel," writes Bakhtin, "we can always hear voices (even while reading silently to ourselves)."

     
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    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Roman; Stimme; Romangestalt; Lautstärke; Digital Humanities; Dialoganalyse
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  14. Between canon and corpus: six perspectives on 20th-century novels
    Autor*in: Algee-Hewitt, Mark ; McGurl, Mark
    Erschienen: 01.01.2015

    Of the many, many thousands of novels and stories published in English in the 20th century, which group of several hundred would represent the most reasonable, interesting, and useful subset of the whole? mehr

     

    Of the many, many thousands of novels and stories published in English in the 20th century, which group of several hundred would represent the most reasonable, interesting, and useful subset of the whole?

     
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    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Literaturkanon; Englische Literatur; Digital Humanities; Literaturgeschichte; Roman; Ranking
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  15. Bankspeak: the language of World Bank Reports, 1946–2012
    Autor*in: Moretti, Franco ; Pestre, Dominique
    Erschienen: 01.05.2015

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    Schlagworte: Kreditmarkt; Sprachanalyse; World development report; Sprachentwicklung; Digital Humanities; Bank
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  16. On paragraphs. Scale, themes, and narrative form
    Autor*in: Algee-Hewitt, Mark ; Heuser, Ryan ; Moretti, Franco
    Erschienen: 01.10.2015

    Different scales, different features. It’s the main difference between the thesis we have presented here, and the one that has so far dominated the study of the paragraph. By defining it as "a sentence writ large", or, symmetrically, as "a short... mehr

     

    Different scales, different features. It’s the main difference between the thesis we have presented here, and the one that has so far dominated the study of the paragraph. By defining it as "a sentence writ large", or, symmetrically, as "a short discourse", previous research was implicitly asserting the irrelevance of scale: sentence, paragraph, and discourse were all equally involved in the "development of one topic". We have found the exact opposite: 'scale is directly correlated to the differentiation of textual functions'. By this, we don't simply mean that the scale of sentences or paragraphs allows us to "see" style or themes more clearly. This is true, but secondary. Paragraphs allows us to "see" themes, because themes fully "exist" only at the scale of the paragraph. Ours is not just an epistemological claim, but an ontological one: if style and themes and episodes exist in the form they do, it's because writers work at different scales – and do different things according to the level at which they are operating.

     
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    Schlagworte: Digital Humanities; Intertextualität; Roman; Literaturtheorie; Lyrik; Syntax; Absatz <Text>
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  17. Canon/archive : large-scale dynamics in the literary field
    Autor*in: Algee-Hewitt, Mark ; Allison, Sarah ; Gemma, Marissa ; Heuser, Ryan ; Moretti, Franco ; Walser, Hannah
    Erschienen: 01.01.2016

    Of the novelties introduced by digitization in the study of literature, the size of the archive is probably the most dramatic: we used to work on a couple of hundred nineteenth-century novels, and now we can analyze thousands of them, tens of... mehr

     

    Of the novelties introduced by digitization in the study of literature, the size of the archive is probably the most dramatic: we used to work on a couple of hundred nineteenth-century novels, and now we can analyze thousands of them, tens of thousands, tomorrow hundreds of thousands. It's a moment of euphoria, for quantitative literary history: like having a telescope that makes you see entirely new galaxies. And it's a moment of truth: so, have the digital skies revealed anything that changes our knowledge of literature? This is not a rhetorical question. In the famous 1958 essay in which he hailed "the advent of a quantitative history" that would "break with the traditional form of nineteenth-century history", Fernand Braudel mentioned as its typical materials "demographic progressions, the movement of wages, the variations in interest rates [...] productivity [...] money supply and demand." These were all quantifiable entities, clearly enough; but they were also completely new objects compared to the study of legislation, military campaigns, political cabinets, diplomacy, and so on. It was this double shift that changed the practice of history; not quantification alone. In our case, though, there is no shift in materials: we may end up studying 200,000 novels instead of 200; but, they're all still novels. Where exactly is the novelty?

     
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    Sammlung: Stanford Literary Lab
    Schlagworte: Quantitative Literaturwissenschaft; Digital Humanities; Romantheorie
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  18. Popularity/Prestige
    Autor*in: Porter, J. D.
    Erschienen: 08.11.2018

    What is the canon? Usually this question is just a proxy for something like, "Which works are in the canon?" But the first question is not just a concise version of the second, or at least it doesn’t have to be. Instead, it can ask what the... mehr

     

    What is the canon? Usually this question is just a proxy for something like, "Which works are in the canon?" But the first question is not just a concise version of the second, or at least it doesn’t have to be. Instead, it can ask what the structure of the canon is - in other words, when things are in the canon, what are they in? This question came to the fore during the project that resulted in Pamphlet 11. The members of that group were looking for morphological differences between the canon and the archive. The latter they define, straightforwardly and capaciously, as "that portion of published literature that has been preserved—in libraries and elsewhere" The canon is a slipperier concept; the authors speak instead of multiple canons, like the books preserved in the Chadwyck-Healey Nineteenth-Century Fiction Collection, the constituents of the six different "best-twentieth century novels" lists analyzed by Mark Algee-Hewitt and Mark McGurl in Pamphlet 8, authors included in the British Dictionary of National Biography, and so forth. [...] This last conundrum points the way out of these difficulties and into a workable model of the structure of the canon. It suggests two different ways of entering the canon: being read by many and being prized by an elite few—or, to use the terms arrived at in Pamphlet 11, popularity and prestige. With these two dimensions, we arrive at a canonical space [...].

     
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  19. 'Disticha Catonis' : Erfurt, Universitätsbibliothek, Dep. Erf. CA. 12° 4, f. 162r-182r
    Autor*in: Baldzuhn, Michael
    Erschienen: 31.05.2010

    Die spätantiken ,Disticha Catonis', von einem unbekannten Autor im 3./4. Jahrhundert verfasst, dienten seit karolingischer Zeit dem Unterricht in der gramatica. Dort hielten sie dem Lateinschüler sprachliches Anschauungsmaterial ebenso bereit wie,... mehr

     

    Die spätantiken ,Disticha Catonis', von einem unbekannten Autor im 3./4. Jahrhundert verfasst, dienten seit karolingischer Zeit dem Unterricht in der gramatica. Dort hielten sie dem Lateinschüler sprachliches Anschauungsmaterial ebenso bereit wie, das war dem mittelalterlichen Trivialunterricht nicht minder wichtig, elementare Verhaltenslehre in leicht memorierbarer Form. So unterweisen die circa 140 Hexameterdistichen aus einer vulgärstoizistischen Grundhaltung heraus etwa im rechten Umgang mit Besitz, mit den eigenen Affekten, mit Leid und Tod, oder wie man sich Fremden, Freunden oder der eigenen Frau gegenüber verhalten soll. Der Bestand der Distichen wurde bereits in mehreren vorkarolingischen Redaktion auf vier Bücher verteilt und um Prosasentenzen (breves sententiae) vor Buch I und metrische Vorreden zu Buch II-IV erweitert. Eine das Werk eröffnende, knappe Prosavorrede (praefatio) ist einem sorgenden Vater in den Mund gelegt, der die Lehren seinem geliebten Sohn ans Herz legt.

     
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    Schlagworte: Disticha Catonis
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  20. Chiromantie (Handlesekunst) : Erfurt, Universitätsbibliothek, Dep. Erf. CA. 4° 21, f. 127v-131r
    Autor*in: Baldzuhn, Michael
    Erschienen: 31.05.2010

    Die Kunst, aus der Hand zu lesen, konnte im Mittelalter als ein Zweig der Physiognomie aufgefasst werden, der Wissenschaft von der Kunst, die Wesensart eines Menschen aus seiner leiblichen Erscheinung herauszulesen. Teils stand die... mehr

     

    Die Kunst, aus der Hand zu lesen, konnte im Mittelalter als ein Zweig der Physiognomie aufgefasst werden, der Wissenschaft von der Kunst, die Wesensart eines Menschen aus seiner leiblichen Erscheinung herauszulesen. Teils stand die Wissenschaftlichkeit der Chiromantik aber auch in Frage: wenn nämlich dem Menschen über seinen Charakter hinaus auch seine Zukunft aus der Hand gelesen werden sollte. So lehnte der 1439 in Padua zum Doktor der Freien Künste und der Medizin promovierte Johannes Hartlieb 1456 in seinem ,Buch aller verbotenen Künste' einerseits die Chiromantik als sünd, verpoten und ain rechter ungelaub ab, obwohl andererseits ein Ende der siebziger Jahre aufgelegtes Blockbuch eben Hartlieb als Verfasser einer deutschen Chiromantie auftreten lässt, die er schon 1448 der Gemahlin Herzog Albrechts 111. von Bayern gewidmet haben soll.

     
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    Schlagworte: Handlesekunst
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  21. Hans Joachim Schädlich : zwei Studien, ein Gespräch
    Autor*in: Müller, Wolfgang
    Erschienen: 26.07.2010

    Hans Joachim Schädlich ist einer der renommiertesten, literarisch bedeutendsten Autoren aus dem Kreis derer, die seit 1976 die DDR verließen. Er war ein Schriftsteller, den man nicht veröffentlichen ließ, und ein bekennender Demokrat, der alle... mehr

     

    Hans Joachim Schädlich ist einer der renommiertesten, literarisch bedeutendsten Autoren aus dem Kreis derer, die seit 1976 die DDR verließen. Er war ein Schriftsteller, den man nicht veröffentlichen ließ, und ein bekennender Demokrat, der alle Vorstellungen seiner Intellektuellen-Kollegen, den "realen Sozialismus" vielleicht doch noch reformieren und zum "wahren Sozialismus" machen zu können, für illusionär hielt. Der Gang der deutschen Dinge seit 1989 hat ihn ohne Einschränkung bestätigt. Zur DDR-Literatur wollte und will Schädlich eigentlich nicht gehören - und muß es doch hinnehmen, wenn er zumindest partiell in Kontexten von DDR-Literatur gesehen und analysiert wird, ohne daß jemand auf die Idee käme, seine Texte mit denen von Hermann Kant und Erik Neutsch, ja, nicht einmal mit denen von Christa Wolf und Volker Braun in eins zu setzen. In its "Materialien und Ergebnisse" publications the "Institut für kulturwissenschaftliche Deutschlandstudien" (Institute for German Cultural Studies) has focused mostly on broad issues such as the civil rights movement in the GDR (Heft 1), the relationship of GDR-literature to GDR literary criticism (Heft 2), the status of intellectuals after unification and controversies related to German unification (Heft 4), and the attitude of young German writers towards German unification (Heft 11). Nevertheless, studies of pivotal individual writers have had their place in the overall program of the Institute. In Heft 3, Wilfried Grauert showcased his study of Volker Brauns writings in the eighties, in Heft 9, Hans Joachim Schröder analyzed writings of Maxie Wander and Sarah Kirsch, and in this issue of the "Materialien and Ergebnisse", Wolfgang Müller explores Hans Joachim Schädlichs life and works in an extensive interview that he conducted with the writer in 1994, and in two articles he has written on Schädlich, one on Schädlichs poetic and political views, and the other one on Schädlichs ‘masterwork’ (as Ruth Klüger put it) "Schott". While the interview juxtaposes Schädlichs biography with major politicaldevelopments in the GDR such as the 1953 uprising, the expulsion of Wolf Biermann, the building and the fall of the Berlin Wall, and German unification, the first article explores his aesthetic positions and his views on currenct political events such as the debate about the Stasi and the fusion of the two German PEN Centers and the two Academies of Art. The second article attempts to shedlight on Schädlichs "Schott", one of the most interesting and difficult novels written in Germany after the second World War. It is the story of the hero Schott who explores the vestiges of the Nazi- and Stalinist dictatorships and the possibilities of freedom in a post-dictatorial society, themes which are essential to the overall research project of the Institute.

     
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    Schlagworte: Schädlich, Hans Joachim; Schädlich, Hans Joachim / Schott; Interview; Deutschland <DDR>; Politik
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  22. Beiträge der Deutschdidaktik zu einem neuen Verständnis von Allgemeinbildung : Grundlage: Denkschrift der Bildungskommission NRW, 1995
    Autor*in: Ingendahl, Werner

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    Schlagworte: Deutschunterricht; Allgemeinbildung
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  23. Lernen in der Hirnforschung : (3.Fassung Juli 97)
    Autor*in: Ingendahl, Werner
    Erschienen: 12.11.2008

    Wenn man sich Gehirnvorgänge beim Lernen als „Speicherung“ vorstellt, so müßten die Lernprozesse im Anhäufen und Einschaufeln von Wissensportionen bestehen. Schulfach auf Schulfach füllt also Fach auf Fach im Hirn mit möglichst dauerhaften (und... mehr

     

    Wenn man sich Gehirnvorgänge beim Lernen als „Speicherung“ vorstellt, so müßten die Lernprozesse im Anhäufen und Einschaufeln von Wissensportionen bestehen. Schulfach auf Schulfach füllt also Fach auf Fach im Hirn mit möglichst dauerhaften (und bewährten!) Gütern, ruft sie in Testarbeiten noch mal ab und hofft, dass die Güter im-mer dann „gebraucht“ werden, wenn sie dem „Besitzer“ zur Bewältigung seines Lebens dienen können. Das klappte zwar nie so, aber man wunderte sich und machte weiter so. Seit Jahrzehnten wissen Neurologen und Psychologen, dass dieses Bild falsch ist; wir Lehrer könnten es auch wissen, denn in populärwissenschaftlichen Berichten (u.a. in GEO, ZEIT, Spiegel oder Focus) werden die neuen Erkenntnisse seit Jahren verbreitet, und doch bleibt der Schulunterricht davon völlig unberührt.

     
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    Schlagworte: Hirnforschung; Lernen
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  24. Die Nachwirkungen des Nationalsozialismus in der deutschsprachigen Familienliteratur
    Autor*in: Ostheimer, Michael
    Erschienen: 03.11.2009

    Die Vergangenheit ist der Stoff, aus dem moderne Staaten ihr Selbstverständnis modellieren. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für Deutschland und Österreich, an deren Umgang mit der nationalsozialistischen Geschichte sich immer auch gesellschaftliche... mehr

     

    Die Vergangenheit ist der Stoff, aus dem moderne Staaten ihr Selbstverständnis modellieren. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für Deutschland und Österreich, an deren Umgang mit der nationalsozialistischen Geschichte sich immer auch gesellschaftliche Tendenzen und politische Interessen der jeweiligen Gegenwart ablesen lassen. Doch Erinnerungen benötigen, wenn sie der Flüchtigkeit entgehen sollen, ein Speichermedium, und es war gerade die Literatur, die das kulturelle Gedächtnis an die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus von Anfang an entscheidend geprägt hat. Literarische Vergangenheitserzählungen erinnern und reflektieren, vor allem wenn sie um das Thema der Familie und um die Probleme zwischen verschiedenen Generationen kreisen, stets mit Bezug zur Gegenwart.

     
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    Schlagworte: Nationalsozialismus
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  25. Es begann in Lesmona : auf den Spuren einer Bremer Liebesgeschichte ; [Homepage Lesmona-Projekt]
    Autor*in: Seiler, Bernd W.
    Erschienen: 11.11.2009

    Im Herbst 1951 erschien in Hamburg ein Buch, dessen Inhalt in mehrerer Hinsicht überraschend war. "Sommer in Lesmona" hieß es, Untertitel "Mädchenbriefe", doch Briefe aus einem italienischen Badeort enthielt es nicht. Die Briefe stammten aus Bremen... mehr

     

    Im Herbst 1951 erschien in Hamburg ein Buch, dessen Inhalt in mehrerer Hinsicht überraschend war. "Sommer in Lesmona" hieß es, Untertitel "Mädchenbriefe", doch Briefe aus einem italienischen Badeort enthielt es nicht. Die Briefe stammten aus Bremen und aus der Zeit schon vor der Jahrhundertwende - 'Lesmona' war eine Villa bei Vegesack.

     
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    Schlagworte: Berck; Marga / Sommer in Lesmona
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